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问题 判断题

“不登高山，不知天之高也”属于唯物主义的知行观。 ()

答案

参考答案：对

解析：登上高山，才知道天的高度，即先行动才能获得真知，实践是认识的基础和源泉，此知行观属于唯物主义。

单项选择题

为提高政府规章制度的公众参与度，进一步增强立法的科学性和民主性，××市政府法制办就《××市气象灾害防御办法（草案）》召开立法听证会，就草案中，公众较为关心、实践中存在不同意见的问题进行听证。听证会安排听证代表14人，包括：市民代表4名，企业等相关单位代表4名，专家学者代表3名，市人大代表1名，市政协委员1名，市律协代表1名。从公民的角度看，参加立法听证会（）

A.是公民参与民主监督的方式

B.可以改进立法机关的工作

C.是公民参与民主决策的方式

D.是最广泛的民主实践形式
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填空题

[A] Possible ways to keep free from Alzheimer’s
[B] Deficiency of data-collecting in the study
[C] The new findings of ineffectiveness of past cures
[D] Weak evidence of the research
[E] How the new analysis coming from
[F] Future direction of the research concerned
[G] Traditional beliefs in preventive measures

Lifestyle May Not Prevent Alzheimer’s


A comprehensive analysis by an independent government panel has found that there is not enough scientific evidence to date to support the advice doctors currently give—such as exercising, doing crossword puzzles or eating a Mediterranean-style diet—for preventing or controlling symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
(41)______
As rates of age-related dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have continued to rise in the U.S.—largely because Americans are living longer and the over-65 population has swelled to record highs—researchers have worked relentlessly to understand the causes of these mind- robbing diseases and to help prevent or slow their progression. To clarify the state of the current evidence and offer physicians clearer treatment guidelines, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in early 2009 commissioned a detailed analysis of existing studies, covering 165 papers published between 1984 and 2009.
(42)______
For years, the prevailing hypothesis has been "Use it or lose it" when it comes to avoiding gradual age-related mental decline. Data has associated behaviors such as keeping the mind actively engaged throughout life, staying physically active, eating certain foods and supplementing the diet with specific vitamins and nutrients with lower rates of dementia in old age. These lifestyle factors appeared to limit cognitive decline of various kinds, from occasional "senior moments" to the more serious episodes of cognitive impairment that can be a prelude to Alzheimer’s disease.
(43)______
Now researchers at Duke University report in the current issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine that the data on the preventive effects of lifestyle factors is not as p as they had thought. Led by Brenda Plassman, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, the study authors analyzed decades’ worth of research, including observational studies in which scientists looked retrospectively at a group of participants to tease out associations between certain behaviors (like exercise) and selected effects (like scores on tests of memory and cognitive skills), as well as the more definitive clinical trials that randomly assign volunteers to intervention or control groups and then assess how the intervention affects cognitive ability.
(44)______
Overall, the researchers say they were dismayed with the paucity and weakness of the existing evidence. "When we applied rigorous but consistent standards to review all the studies, we found that there was not sufficient evidence to recommend any single activity or factor that was protective of cognitive decline later in life, " says Plassman.
(45)______
However weakly, though, the review did support what doctors know about risk factors for cognitive decline: smoking, diabetes, depression, metabolic syndrome and specific gene variants were all linked with increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, preventive behaviors such as eating a Mediterranean diet, exercising, maintaining cognitive engagement (doing puzzles, learning new things) and fostering extensive social relationships were linked to a lower risk.
The problem is that none of these relationships were particularly robust, the authors say. And none were p enough to justify recommending the behaviors to people who want to prevent or slow down the onset of dementia. The findings led the NIH to issue Monday’s state-of-the-science statement, in which the agency notes, "Currently, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the association of any modifiable risk factor with cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s disease." Although the statement does not constitute an official policy or government recommendation, it serves as a guideline for doctors advising patients about the best evidence on the role of lifestyle factors in Alzheimer’s prevention.
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