问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文。完成下列各题。(9分,每小题3分。)

廉颇者,赵之良将也。赵惠文王十六年,廉颇为赵将,伐齐,大破之,取阳晋,拜为上卿,以勇气闻于诸侯。 蔺相如者,赵人也。为赵宦者令缪(miào)贤舍人。

……   ……

(中间略去了“完璧归赵”与“渑池之会”两个故事。主要叙述了蔺相如以自己的非凡智慧和胆略维护了赵王的尊严与赵国的利益。)

既罢,归国,以相如功大,拜为上卿,位在廉颇之右。

廉颇曰:“我为赵将,有攻城野战之大功,而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳,而位居我上。且相如素贱人,吾羞,不忍为之下!”宣言曰:“我见相如,必辱之。”相如闻,不肯与会。相如每朝时,常称病,不欲与廉颇争列。已而相如出,望见廉颇,相如引车避匿。

于是舍人相与谏曰:“臣所以去亲戚而事君者,徒慕君之高义也。今君与廉颇同列,廉君宣恶言,而君畏匿之,恐惧殊甚。且庸人尚羞之,况于将相乎?臣等不肖,请辞去。”蔺相如固止之,曰:“公之视廉 * * 孰与秦王?”曰:“不若也。”相如曰:“夫以秦王之威,而相如廷叱之,辱其群臣。相如虽驽,独畏廉 * * 哉?顾吾念之,强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也。今两虎共斗,其势不俱生。吾所以为此者,以先国家之急而后私仇也。”

廉颇闻之,肉袒负荆,因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪,曰:“鄙贱之人,不知 * * 宽之至此也!”

卒相与欢,为刎颈之交。

小题1:对下列语句中加点的字解释有误的一项是                    (   )

A.以相如功大,拜为上卿拜:授予官职

B.且相如素贱人素:向来、本来

C.且庸人尚羞之羞:感到羞愧 

D.相如引车避匿引:拉着小题2:下面句子中加的词意义和用法相同的一组是                       (   )

A.徒以吾两人在也臣以险衅,夙遭闵凶

B.相如廷叱之,辱其群臣其后二年,余久卧病无聊

C.相如闻,不肯与会苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下

D.且相如素贱人北山愚公者,年且九十小题3:下面对选文内容的理解和分析不正确的一项是                       (   )

A.“渑池之会”后,廉颇对于蔺相如在自己之上心有不甘,宣称要羞辱相如,这表现了他为人鲁莽、妄自尊大、胸襟狭窄、斤斤计较于名位之争的缺点。

B.蔺相如在知道廉颇要羞辱自己的时候,采取的是退让回避的态度,或称病不朝, 或引车避匿,表现了大明大义、识大体和不计私怨,以国家前途为重的品质。

C.选文主要记述了廉蔺之间的矛盾从激化到解决的过程,作者对廉颇的忠于国家和勇敢改过也给予了充分的肯定,但对蔺相如的懦弱有些许的不满。

D.廉颇在听到蔺相如“以先国家之急而后私仇也”的话后,大为感动,也很惭愧,立即负荆请罪。表现出性格坦率、忠心爱国、勇于改错等性格上的优点。小题4:翻译(8分)

①臣所以去亲戚而事君者,徒慕君之高义也。(4分)

②吾所以为此者,以先国家之急而后私仇也。(4分)

答案

小题1:D

小题2:A

小题3:C

小题4:

⑴ 我们离开父母兄弟来侍奉您的原因,只不过是仰慕您的高尚品德。

⑵ 我之所以这样做,是以国家的紧急情况为先而以个人的恩怨为后啊﹗

小题1:“引”意为“避开,调转车头”。

小题2:a项都是连词“以为”; B项分别为代词“他的”、指示代词“这”; C项分别为介词“和”连词“和”;D项分别为连词“再说,况且”与副词“快要、将要”。

小题3:C 项“但对蔺相如的懦弱有些许的不满”不合文意。

小题4:略

文言文参考译文 

廉颇是赵国优秀的将领。赵惠文王十六年,廉颇担任赵国的大将,攻打齐国,大败齐军,夺取了阳晋,被任命为上卿。于是廉颇以他的勇猛善战而闻名于诸侯各国。蔺相如是赵国人,做赵国宦官头目缪贤的门客。

… …

渑池会结束后,回到赵国,因为蔺相如功劳大,赵王任命他做上卿,位在廉颇之上。

廉颇说:"我做赵国的大将,有攻城野战的大功劳,而蔺相如只不过凭着几句言辞立了些功劳,他的职位却在我之上。再说蔺相如本来是卑贱的人,我感到羞耻,不甘心位居他之下!"扬言说:"我碰见蔺相如,一定要侮辱他。"蔺相如听到这些话后,不肯和他会面,每逢上朝时常常托辞有病,不愿跟廉颇争位次的高下。过了些时候,蔺相如出门,远远看见廉颇,就掉转车子避开他。

在这种情况下,门客一齐规劝他说:"我们离开父母兄弟而来侍奉您,不过是因为仰慕您的高尚品德。现在您与廉颇职位相同,廉 * * 散布一些恶言恶语,您却怕他,躲着他,怕得太过分了。平庸的人对这种情况尚且感到羞耻,更何况是将相呢!我们实在没有才能,请允许我们告辞离开吧!"蔺相如坚决挽留他们,说:"你们看廉 * * 与秦王相比哪个厉害?"门客回答说:"(廉 * * )不如秦王厉害。"蔺相如说:"凭秦王那样的威风,我蔺相如敢在秦的朝廷上呵斥他,侮辱他的臣子们。相如虽然才能低下,难道偏偏害怕廉 * * 吗?但是我想到这样一个问题:强大的秦国之所以不敢轻易侵犯赵国,只因为有我们两个人存在啊!现在如果两虎相斗,势必不能都活下来。我之所以这样做,是以国家之急为先而以私仇为后啊!"

廉颇听到这话,解衣赤背,背着荆条,通过门客引导到蔺相如家门请罪,说:"我这个粗陋卑贱的人,不知道 * * 宽容我到这样的地步啊!"

两人终于和好,成为誓同生死的朋友。

阅读理解

阅读下面短文,按照要求回答问题。

                                                      The Monster of Lake Tianchi

     The "Monster of Lake Tianchi" in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in

the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster,

which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.

"It jumped out of the water like a seal-about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it," he said. Although

no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head

looked like a horse. 

     In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.

The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two

minutes. "It was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns", one of the soldiers said.

     A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a

round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the

water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his

family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.

     There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no

one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away.

Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think

that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They

say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.

     Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about

ten square kilometres. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.

1. How many sightings of the monster does the article report?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who saw the monster clearly, and why?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which description of the monster is most detailed?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

4. When was the monster first sighted?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is special about Lake Tianchi?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

判断题