问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成后面的小题。

许多行业都希望创制出柔软而有弹性的电子产品,但要制造这类产品,首先要有合适的底板。如果将电子电路附着在柔韧而有弹性的底板上,将会对一些行业产生巨大影响,并使“智能产品”无处不在。如可以检测食品变质与否的包装,可以抗感染的医用绷带,可以监测物体表面裂缝或结构损坏的涂料,可以像纸一样折叠起来的电子屏等等。

美研究人员已经开发出一种新的可行性技术,能以较低成本大规模生产柔性底板。新技术使用一种高弹性的聚酰亚胺聚合物作基底,用激光在其上切割出边长3.3毫米的六边形蜂窝图案,然后将提纯到99%的半导体单壁碳纳米管①溶液均匀地沉积到基底上,形成薄膜晶体管阵列,制出了具有优良导电性的薄膜晶体管网底板。这项技术再与金属喷墨打印相结合,在未来可制造成本低廉的柔韧而有弹性的电子产品。

此项研究报告的首席作者塔卡哈斯说:“高弹性的聚合物具有卓越的柔韧性。激光切割的可拉伸的六边形蜂窝图案的基板,可以拉长60%。在未来,还可通过改变孔的大小或优化网格设计,改进其伸展性。单壁碳纳米管,之所以成为塑料电子产品的顶级半导体材料,主要是因为它具有流动性高的屯子。然而,以往这种纳米管网开/关电流比率较低,这成为电子应用领域的重大问题。该项研究将碳纳米管溶液提纯到99%,极大地提高了开/关电流比率。”

改进后的单壁碳纳米管薄膜晶体管底板,被该研究小组用来制作“电子皮肤”。研究人员研制了一种新传感器,能够对触摸有感觉。该电子皮肤由96个传感器像素阵列组成,每个像素由一个薄膜晶体管控制,能感知24平方厘米范围内的压力分布,灵敏度大大提高。

塔卡哈斯说:“在未来,我们应该能改进我们的底板技术,通过添加各种传感器或其它功能组件来拓展这种底板的应用,有望研发出多种有弹性的电子新产品。”

【注】①单壁碳纳米管:一种碳分子纳米材料,具有良好的导电性与柔韧性,可拉伸。

小题1:下列说法不符合文意的一项是(3分)

A.如将相应的电子电路附着在柔韧的薄膜晶体管网底板上,可制作出能检测食品变质与否的包装等“智能产品”。

B.美国研究人员开发出的新技术需要与金属喷墨打印相结合,才能以较低成本制造出导电性能优良的柔性底板。

C.单壁碳纳米管具有流动性高的电子,提高其溶液的纯度,能有效地解决这种纳米管网开/关电流比率较低的问题。

D.美研究人员以新开发的“柔性底板”为基础,使用新型传感器,制作出了一种“电子皮肤”,其灵敏度大大提高。小题2:美研究人员开发出的新“技术”,给其“底板”带来了哪些特点?(5分)

答案

小题1:B

小题2:1选用高弹性聚合物,具有较强的柔韧性。2通过图案切割,具有更强的延展性。3使用提纯的碳纳米管溶液,具有更优良的导电性。4造价低廉,可大规模生产。(5分。四点每点1分,有“柔韧性”“延展性”“导电性”等关键词即可;对“新技术”的表述完整1分)

小题1:

题目分析:“新技术需要……才能生产出……”的表述不合文意,“柔性底板”已制出;两者结合,可制造的是“成本低廉的柔韧而有弹性的电子产品”。

小题2:

题目分析:

考察对于文中主要信息的筛选,要求学生在阅读时要全面把握文章的内容,在解题时可根据题干中的主题词、关键词对原文进行筛查,以便快速找到所对应的内容。

多项选择题 X型题
问答题

Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredora as the price of their freedom from drudgery. At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. 46. Accordingly more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women mostly keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth- shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.

47. Work is desirable as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom a man feels when doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom he feels when having nothing to do. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. 48. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in free time than an idle man could possibly find.

The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of suecess and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. 49. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can procure. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of buihliug up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one’ s own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work.

50. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. But when work is interesting, it is capable of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief from tedium. The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy. I shall begin with those which are only mildly interesting and end with those that are worthy to absorb the whole energies of a great man.

46. Accordingly more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women mostly keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth- shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.