问题 问答题 论述题

试述社会监督具有哪些功能?

答案

参考答案:

社会监督的功能是指社会监督主体依法对国家的政治生活进行的监控和督察活动所产生的社会政治功效和价值。一般来讲,社会监督具有以下五个方面的功能:

(1)社会监督的预防功能。社会监督是遏制政治生活中腐败现象滋生蔓延的有效手段。腐败现象的产生有着多方面的原因,其本质就是公共权力的非公共使用,产生的危害则是相当严重的,腐败会扰乱社会资源的优化配置,降低政府的管理效能,损害社会的公平和正义,影响政府的权威,直至危害社会的稳定以及 * * 的更迭。而社会监督是一种针对公共权力主体的无所不在的、严密的监控机制,这种机制使得权力主体的用权行为完全处于一种透明化的状态之下,没有滥用权力的条件和机会,从而体现了社会监督的预防功能。严格的社会监督,能有力地促使一切国家权力机关及其工作人员增强法制观念,依法用权。社会监督不仅具有外在的对权力主体在支配权力过程中各种行为的约束功能,而且还能通过把权力与责任联系在一起,建立起权力主体内在的自我约束机制,权力主体必须承担行使权力的后果与责任,这样也促使了权力主体审慎地运用权力。

(2)社会监督的矫正功能。对权力主体的防范不可能天衣无缝,对其的约束也难以保证每一次权力运用都得当。但是社会监督的可贵之处在于能够对不当或越轨的权力行为予以及时的矫正和补救。另外,通过社会监督还可以及时发现国家在管理机构、管理方式、管理体制等方面的缺陷,逐步完善整个政治体制的建构。

(3)社会监督的惩戒功能。由于社会监督对滥用权力的行为及其责任者有要求国家对其进行法律制裁的权力,由此体现了社会监督的惩戒功能。当出现政治决策失误,决策执行过程中失职,或由于工作中的官僚主义等导致不良的后果时,社会公众有权要求追究发生事故的权力部门或公职人员的政治和法律责任,并进行相应的处理,有利于吸取教训,以儆效尤。

(4)社会监督的保健功能。社会监督的功能不仅在于它对社会政治生活中所出现的弊病及时发现并进行有效的治疗,更重要的是通过全面监督,可以为民主政治的建康发展起到保健的作用。社会监督是推动一国民主政治的重要途径,在一定意义上,一个社会的政治民主水平是与社会监督水平成正比的。社会监督既是民主政治发展的产物,同时又有助于民主政治建设。

(5)社会监督的教育功能。社会监督不仅能保障国家机器的正常运转,维护公民的合法权益,而且对监督者也是一种极好的民主教育和训练,通过参与监督,可以提高公民的政治责任感和政治素质。通过社会监督可以使社会公众的种种意见、批评和不满宣泄出来并要求执政者感知到和做出相应反应,真正体验到宪法所规定的自由民主权利,从而进一步激发公民意识和积极参政热情,也有助于实现政治认同。随着社会监督的有效实现,公民的政治责任感、政治参与热情和积极性普遍提高,进而也必然提高自己的行为能力。随着公民监督行为能力的增强,他们也就更愿意参与政治,使自己的监督更有效、更有力度。

完形填空
信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
首先请阅读下列深圳书城的畅销书的封面及基本信息:
A.Foreword

The Antidepressant Survival Guide: Beat the Side Effects of Your Medication
by Robert J. Hedaya, M.D,
Robert J. Hedaya, M.D., is a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Hospital's Department of Psychiatry.
Motto: Live well.
B.How Fear Limits Us

On Becoming Fearless... in Love, Work, and Life
by Arianna Huffington
Arianna Huffington was raised in Greece by her fearless mother. She has written this book for her two daughters in the hope that they will lead fearless lives.
Motto: Overcome the obstacle, get over the next hill.
C.Determination: How to Set Goals and Go After Them

Fight Your Fear and Win
by Don Greene, Ph.D.
Don Greene, Ph.D., was a nationally ranked high school diver. He was the sports psychologist for the U.S. Olympic Diving Team.
Motto: Determination is drive.
D.The Anger Business

Anger : The Misunderstood Emotion
by Carol Tavris, Ph.D.
Carol Tavris, Ph.D., was senior editor. she now teaches from time to time in the department of psychology at UCLA
Motto: Reduce Stress!
 
E.In the Presence of Danger

The Gift of Fear
by Gavin de Becker
Davin de Becker, America’s leading expert on violence, is the bestselling author of the Gift of Fear: Survival Signals.
Motto: Trust and act on our straight instincts.
F.Moving from Fear to Freedom

Transforming Anxiety, Transcending Shame
by Rex Briggs, M.S.W.
REX BRIGGS, M.S.W., has been a selected speaker at the National Anxiety Disorders Association of America’s conferences since 1986.
Motto: Weaken anxiety
 
下面是这些书的简要内容,请匹配相关的书名。
56.This useful, popular book shows that if you are gone broke and lose love, please hold yourself back. If you look fat, just face it calmly. If you are in survival thinking, the most important is that you get rid of all the difficulties in front of us, life will be safe, perfect. If your daughters are to take their rightful place in society, they must become fearless.
57.In this book, the author calls the nation’s leading experts on violent behavior, and shows you how to spot even tiny signs of danger before it’s too late. Most violent acts are unpredictable. It points out that true fear is often a signal that can save your life. Believe the threat of violence surrounds us every day. But we can protect ourselves by straight judgment.
58.This book based on his years of clinical experience. It says about twenty-five million Americans take medicine to avoid depression. Despite the advances in the treatment of depression in recent years, many patients, even with the best medical care, feel that they are not living rich and fulfilling lives. This book will direct you how to survive well.
59.This interesting book tells us that annoyance is as much a political matter as a biological one. And anger is a definite message: Pay attention to me. I don’t like what you are doing. Restore my pride. You’re in my way. Give me justice. This book suggests that when you’re angry, just let it right out.
60.This valuable book states that nervousness has become a constant factor in today’s society like a sign of the times, but it is sometimes difficult to recognize the effects of anxiety on our mental health. The only way to feel better about ourselves is to go out and do it.
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