问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成后面题目。(25分)

两株玉兰树

陈忠实

清明前一日回到老家,到村子背靠的白鹿原北坡上,在父母的坟头烧了一堆被视为阴币的黄纸。尽管明知这是于逝者没有任何补益的事,然而每年此日不仅不能缺少,甚至早早就泛溢着一种甚为急切的情绪。自己心里明白,上坟烧纸和跪拜的行为,无非是为消解对父母恩德亏欠太多的负疚心理,获得一种安慰。

天气很好。温润的风似有若无。西斜的依然明媚的阳光下,原坡和河川满眼都是蓬勃的绿色和黄色,绿的是返青的麦苗,黄的是盛开的油菜花,间有零星散落在坡梁上杏花的粉白。

回到老屋小院,便坐在前院闲聊。许是那种负疚心绪得到消解,许是得了这明媚春色的滋润,竟是一种难得的轻松和平静。记不得是谁颇为惊诧地叫了一声,玉兰树开花了。我便朝大门右侧的玉兰树看去,在树梢稍下边的一根分枝上,有两朵白花。我的心微微一颤,惊喜得轻叫一声,从坐着的小凳上站起来,几步走到玉兰树下,久久观赏那两朵玉兰花。那是两朵刚刚绽放的玉兰花,雪白,鲜嫩,纤尘不染,自在而又尽情地展示在细细的一根枝条上,洁白如玉,便想到玉兰花的名字确属恰切。玉兰树尚不见一片叶子,叶芽刚刚在枝条上突出一个个小豆般的苞,花儿却绽放了。我久久地看那两朵花儿,竟然不忍离去。玉兰花在我其实也算不得稀罕,见得也早也多了,之所以发生一缕不寻常的惊喜,这是开在自家屋院里的玉兰花,而且是我栽植的玉兰树苗,便有了一种情结;还有一种非常因素,就是这株玉兰树苗成长过程的障碍性经历,曾经让我颇费过一番心思。

几年前我重回原下小院读书写字,一位在灞河滩苗圃打工的乡党,闲聊中听说我喜欢玉兰花,便给我送来一株不过食指粗的幼苗,我便在大门右侧的围墙根下挖坑栽下了。为了便于浇水和保护,我在玉兰幼苗四周用砖箍了一圈护栏。得到我的用心守护和浇灌,玉兰树苗日见蹿高,分枝,加粗,蓬蓬勃勃,生机盎然,我便期待花苞的出现。恰好盼到玉兰树应该发苞开花的规定期树龄,不仅没有开花,失望且不论,等到叶子成型,我发现了非常的征象,本应是深绿色的叶子,却呈现着浅黄;即使到盛夏烈日暴晒的时候,各种树叶都变得深绿近青的颜色,我的玉兰树叶反而由浅黄变得几乎透亮了。任谁都会看出这是一种病态的表征。村里乡党见了,有说是蛴螬咬了树根,有说是缺肥,有说是化肥施多烧了根,等等。后两种说法不能成立,我栽植时填的是农家粪土,不缺肥更不会发生烧根的事,倒是蛴螬啃食树根有可能发生,却也无可奈何。我曾扒土寻找蛴螬,一只也未见到。我就怀疑大约是玉兰根自身发生了什么病患。

等到第二年,玉兰树仍然是满树病态的黄叶,自然不会开花了。我便有所动摇,这株病态的树会不会自愈?需得几年才能缓解过来?如果等过几年不仅缓解不了反而病情加重以致枯死了,那我就会白等了。我便想挖掉它,重植一株。拿着镢头刨挖的一瞬,却似乎听到一种凄婉的求生的哀音,那一片片透亮的黄叶似乎也幻化成哭相,我便举不起镢头来。突然想到,任它继续存在着,如果真的挨过了病患,当一树健康墨绿的叶子呈现在小院里的时候,我会获得一种别样的欣慰和鼓舞;如果万一病患发展到发生枯死,再换植一株也无妨,这株玉兰树便保存下来。约略记得去年夏天回家,玉兰树的叶子变绿了,尽管仍不像正常的叶子那么深色近青的绿,却不是往年那种透亮的黄色了,我不由得庆幸,它的病情缓解了,更庆幸我握在手里的镢头没有举起来……今年,这株玉兰树开花了。尽管只有两朵,却是一种美的生命的胜利。遭遇过生存劫难之后开放的这两朵洁白如玉的玉兰花,就不单是通常对所见的玉兰花的欣赏的愉悦了,多了一缕人生况味的感受。

(选自《新民晚报》,有删改)

小题1:下列对散文有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(  ) (  )  (5分)

A.文章开头写上坟烧纸和跪拜的行为,是为了引出下文写我要回到老家小屋,表达我对生老病死的思考。

B.作者突然看见玉兰树开花了,内心微颤,惊喜得轻叫一声,这说明他根本没想到这颗玉兰树还会开花。

C.文章先写玉兰花开,再写玉兰树的遭遇,增强了文章的艺术感染力。

D.玉兰树得以保存下来,是因为作者把玉兰树视为一个活生生的生命,是对生老病死参悟的结果。E.文章以“一颗玉兰树”为线索,通过这颗曾经快要病死今又开花的玉兰树,表达了对父母的感恩与思念之情。

小题2:简述第二段景物描写的作用。(6分)

小题3:请概括说明文章中这两朵玉兰花有什么特点?描写这两朵玉兰花时作者运用了什么修辞手法?(6分)

小题4:结合全文,仔细品味文章最后“多了一缕人生况味的感受”,那是一种怎样的感受?谈谈你的理解。(8分)

答案

小题1:CD

小题2:①通过对美好春景的描写,引出下文要描写的对象----玉兰树。②借生机勃勃的春景与下文遭遇过生存劫难的玉兰树相对比,表达其生命的顽强与美好。(每点3分)

小题3:①特点是鲜嫩、纯洁、生机勃勃;(2分)②在描写玉兰花时作者运用了拟人和比喻的修辞手法,如“自在而又尽情地展示在细细的一根枝条上”,将玉兰花拟人化;“洁白如玉”则是比喻的手法,形象生动地描绘出了这两朵玉兰花的鲜嫩、纤尘不染。(4分)

小题4:①生命是顽强的,在遭遇挫折的时候,不要轻言放弃。这一颗幼小而又带病的玉兰树最终能开花,正是生命顽强的完美体现。②每一个生命都值得尊重。生命都是平等的,只要它是生命,就应该尊重。③遭遇过生存劫难之后的生命,更显珍贵。

小题1:

题目分析:A项“引出下文写我要回到老家小屋”分析不当;B.“根本”过于绝对,由文中“约略记得去年夏天回家,玉兰树的叶子变绿了”一句可以看出,玉兰树的病情已经有了好转,作者也庆幸自己没有挖掉它;E项抒发的是对生命的思考 。

小题2:

题目分析:本题考查叙述类文中描写语段的作用。这里交代清明前后的景物美好,春景无限,就是顺带着要写出下文的玉兰树。第二作者把这里的树木写的峥嵘茂盛,为写下文的玉兰树的顽强生命力做好的衬托和铺垫。

小题3:

题目分析:本题考查对景物描写的手法及特点的概括。玉兰花的特点从文中可以直接找到词汇,如“雪白,鲜嫩,纤尘不染”,但是不要忽略这时的玉兰花生机蓬勃,这是文章要强调的重点。至于描写用的修辞手法是比喻和拟人结合文本即可看出,要注意点手法+效果分析。

小题4:

题目分析:本题从玉兰树病后又重换新颜,开出美丽花朵的角度看,可以得出生命是顽强的,在遭遇挫折的时候,不要轻言放弃。从作者对树的感情看,可以得出劫后重生的情感弥足珍贵。从作者没有忍心刨掉生病的玉兰树看,可以得出,每一个生命都很珍贵,都值得珍惜和尊重。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In my dual profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children

infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have

been gifts in my life. I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.

     Tyler was born infected with HIV; his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life,

he was dependent on medication to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically

inserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack

on his back. Medications were fastened to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to

his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing.

     Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not

unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and

dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler marveled at (大为

惊讶) his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him

that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to

check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.

     This deadly disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little of a dynamo like Tyler. He grew

quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became comforted him by telling

Tyler that she was dying too, and that's he would be with him soon in heaven.

     A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die

soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too.

I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me."

1. What happened to him in his early age?

A. He was independent on medication to survive.

B. He got a tube in his chest.

C. His mother was infected with HIV.

D. He had inserted a pump on his back.

2. Tyler wore a backpack is _______.

A. because he thought it was cool and fashionable.

B. because there was a pump in it, which could help with his disease.

C. because the doctor and his mom asked him to wear it

D. because he had no right to choose but to wear it.

3. After reading Para. 4, we can know_______.   

A. The relationship between Tyler and his mom is not good.

B. Tyler's mom loved him and was unwilling to tell him about the disease

C. Tyler's mom is as weak as him because of the disease.

D. Tyler loved his mom very much.

4. Why did Tyler ask the doctor to dress him in red?

A. Because he likes dressing in red  

B. Because his mother wanted him to dress in red.

C. Because he wanted his mother to be happy.  

D. Because his mother can spot him at once.

5. What does the author want to tell us by writing this passage?

A. People who was infected with HIV will die soon.

B. Having a positive attitude will keep you from the deadly disease.

C. Even a child can teach us a lot and be respected.

D. Everyone should have great courage to face the problems.

名词解释