问题 论述题

近年来,社会公众对环保问题持续高度关注,对于环境保护法的修改更是给予了极大期望。2014年4月24日,十二届全国人大常委会第八次会议表决通过了《中华人民共和国环境保护法(修订草案)》。从“小修补”到“大手术”,这部新法历经四次审议,期间两次广泛征求社会意见和建议,共计收到10394人次14182条意见,从立法宗旨到具体条文,写入了民声,体现出民意。

习 * * * * 曾强调指出,只有实行最严格的制度、最严密的法治,才能为生态文明建设提供可靠保障。新环保法对污染企业将按日连续计罚,并规定了对污染违法者将动用最严厉的行政处罚手段。针对环境公益诉讼法律依据缺失,新环保法明确了提起公益诉讼的主体,在中国建立起了公益诉讼制度,增强了公众以诉讼应对污染的力量。

结合材料,运用《国家和国际组织》知识,回答下列问题:

(1)新环保法的修订中是如何体现民主和集中的辩证统一的?该法的修订为什么要采用民主集中制原则?(6分)

(2)新环保法的修订对我们坚持依法治国基本方略有哪些启示?(6分)

答案

(1)①民主是集中的前提和基础。在新环保法的修订过程中坚持尊重人民的民主权利,充分发扬民主,广泛听取各方面的意见、建议、集思广益,为实现正确的集中,制定出真正符合最广大人民根本利益的方针、政策奠定了前提和基础。(2分)②集中是民主得以实现的必要条件和保障。在新环保法的修订过程离不开必要的集中,它确保了民主的正确方向和目标,形成了统一的意志和行动。(2分)③我国是建立在生产资料公有制为主体的经济基础之上的社会主义国家,国家和人民、整体和部分之间的根本利益是一致的。这就决定了我国国家权力的运行必须实现民主集中制。(2分)

(2)新环保法的修订建立最严格的制度、最严密的法治,这启示我们依法治国要树立宪法和法律权威;(2分)新环保法的修订明确了提起公益诉讼的主体,这启示我们立法机关要严格按照法定程序制定法律,确保依法治国有法可依;(2分)新环保法的修订规定了对污染违法者将动用最严厉的行政处罚手段,这启示我们坚持依法治国行政机关要严格依法行政。(2分)

题目分析:(1)作答时注意题中涉及到两个小问,第一小问是民主与集中的关系,第二小问是采用民主集中制的原因,考查课本基础知识,较为简单。第一小问,民主与集中的关系,民主是集中的前提和基础,集中是民主得以实现的必要条件和保障;第二小问,主要从国家和人民、整体和部分之间的根本利益是一致的角度进行分析。

(2)作答时需认真研读材料,从材料中获取有效信息,考查学生阅读、分析、归纳、总结材料的能力。主要从以下几方面组织答案,要树立宪法和法律权威,立法机关要严格按照法定程序制定法律,确保依法治国有法可依,行政机关要严格依法行政。分别结合材料分析即可。

选择题
完形填空。

     Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible trouble-especially when they
are insects. As for this, there is a great   1   between human beings and insects. The former   2   every
possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly  3    attention to themselves.
     We can only show mercy to the   4   man who had to stop his car soon after   5   from a country village
to drive to London. Hearing a strange noise from the   6   of the car, he naturally got out to   7   the wheels
 carefully, but he found nothing wrong, so he   8   his way. Again the noise began   9   and became even
louder. Quickly  10   his head, the man saw what appeared to be a great  11   cloud following the car. When
he stopped at a village further on, he was told that a queen been must be hidden in his car as there were
thousands of bees  12  .
     On learning this, the man drove away as quickly as possible. After an hour's   13   driving, he arrived
safely in London, where he parked his car outside a  14   and went in. It was not long   15   a customer who
had seen him arrive   16   in to inform him that his car was   17   with bees. The poor driver was   18   that
the best way should be to call a  19  . In a short time the man arrived. He found the unwelcome passenger
hidden near the wheels at the back of the car. Very thankful to the driver for this   20  gift, the bee-keeper took
the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.

( )1. A. connection   
( )2. A. do           
( )3. A. give         
( )4. A. unfortunate 
( )5. A. passing by   
( )6. A. front        
( )7. A. clean       
( )8. A. drove                      
( )9. A. normally     
( )10. A. hiding     
( )11. A. black       
( )12. A. below       
( )13. A. boring     
( )14. A. hotel       
( )15. A. when        
( )16. A. broke       
( )17. A. crowded     
( )18. A. advised     
( )19. A. bee-keeper 
( )20. A. unfamiliar 
B. difference   
B. take         
B. keep         
B. careless     
B. leaving out  
B. back         
B. change       
B. continued    
B. gently        
B. turning                   
B. beautiful   
B. ahead       
B. careful     
B. museum       
B. after       
B. moved       
B. covered      
B. required     
B. policeman    
B. unknown   
C. communication
C. make         
C. pay         
C. unpleasant   
C. setting out 
C. left         
C. test         
C. pushed                    
C. actually     
C. shaking     
C. white        
C. nearby                         
C. exciting     
C. hospital     
C. until       
C. hurried     
C. filled       
C. ordered     
C. waiter       
C. unexpected   
D. similarity                  
D. try                         
D. draw                        
D. hopeless                    
D. getting up                  
D. right                       
D. examine                     
D. forced                      
D. immediately                 
D. raising                     
D. colorful                    
D. behind                      
D. hard                        
D. school                      
D. before                      
D. dropped                     
D. equipped                    
D. requested                   
D. repairman                   
D. uncertain                
选择题