问题 填空题

硫酸铅(PbSO4)广泛应用于制造蓄电池、白色颜料等。利用锌冶炼过程中的铅浮渣生产PbSO4的流程如下:

已知铅浮渣的主要成分是PbO、Pb,还含有少量Ag、Zn、CaO和其他不溶于硝酸的杂质。25℃时,Ksp(CaSO4)=4.9x10-5,Ksp(PbSO4)=1.6xl0-8

(1)已知步骤I有NO气体产生,浸出液中含量最多的阳离子是Pb2+。分别写出PbO、Pb参加反应的化学方程式                 

(2)步骤I需控制硝酸的用量并使Pb稍有剩佘,目的是              

(3)母液可循环利用于步骤I,其溶质主要是     (填一种物质化学式),若母液中残留的SO42-过多,循环利用时可能出现的问题是              

(4)产品PbSO4还需用Pb(NO3)2溶液多次洗涤,目的是除去          

(5)铅蓄电池的电解液是硫酸,充电后两个电极上沉积的PbSO4分别转化为PbO2和Pb,充电时阴极的电极反应式为            

答案

(1)PbO+2HNO3=Pb(NO3)2+H2O   (2分)   

3Pb+8HNO3=3Pb(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O   (3分)

(2)防止Ag被溶解进入溶液  (或使Ag留在浸出渣中)(2分)

(3)HNO3 (2分)  浸出时部分铅离子生成PbSO4随浸出渣排出,降低PbSO4的产率 (2分)

(4)CaSO4杂质  (2分)

(5))PbSO4+2e=Pb+SO42  (2分) 

题目分析:(1)写方程式时注意,Pb的二价稳定,Pb与HNO3发生氧化还原反应生成NO。

(2)Pb过量可将溶解的Ag置换出来,防止Ag+进入溶液。

(3)母液循环利用,第一步需要加入HNO3,因此母液中溶质主要是HNO3。根据题意PbSO4难溶于水,若硫酸根过多,则会使部分Pb生成PbSO4随浸出渣排出,产率降低。

(4)产品中含有的主要杂质是CaSO4,根据沉淀转化原理,加入Pb(NO3)2溶液可使CaSO4转化为Ca(NO32,除去杂质。

(5)根据铅蓄电池原理,负极的Pb充电时接电源负极,成为电解池的阴极,因此阴极的反应式为PbSO4+2e=Pb+SO42

写作题

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Increased College Enrollment(入学)

In recent years, there is a steady increase in college enrollment. To many high-school students, it's definitely good news,for they would have better chance of receiving higher education.

You don't have to look very far to find out the advantages of the increased college enrollment. For one thing, it lessens the worries of both high school graduates and their parents. Besides,increased college enrollment can contribute to raise the educational level of our nation. What's more, increased college enrollment can provide more students with specialized knowledge, thus serving our development in a positive way.

On the other hand, we can not deny that there are some potential problems about increased college enrollment. To begin with, with the increased number of students, the shortage of teaching staff and facilities becomes clearly seen. Worst of all, increased college enrollment leads to increased competition in the job market.

It's not an easy task to tell whether the tendency should be encouraged. As to me, it's laudable to grant more students higher education. But a college degree is by no means a guarantee for a better job or future. To cast a promising career, we need a lot more abilities which we can not learn from college.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点;

2. 然后用120个词写一篇文章, 包括一下要点:

1)高校扩招的益处: 1.缓解了父母和高中生们的心理压力;提高全国教育水平;

2.培养更多有专长的人才。

2)扩招造成的一些问题:造成大学里师资和教学设施短缺;使就业市场竞争更加激烈。

3)我对大学扩招的看法

[写作要求]

1)文章可参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子;

2)不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;               

3)题目自定。

[评分标准]    概括准确, 语言规范, 内容合适, 篇章连贯。

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