问题 填空题

(7分)化学与生活密切相关。

(1)下列食物中,能提供大量维生素的是   ▲   (填字母序号)

(2)加碘盐中“碘” 是指   ▲   (填“元素”或“分子”),身体中一旦缺碘,可能患有的疾病是   ▲   (填“甲状腺肿大”或“骨质疏松”);

(3)厨房中的下列物质中,所使用的主要材料属于天然纤维的是   ▲  (填字母序号);

(4)我们常用洗涤剂清洗餐具上的油污,这是因为洗涤剂具有   ▲  功能;

(5)厨房中能用来除水垢的物质是   ▲  (填“食醋”或“食盐水”);

(6)厨房中的下列物质在水中能形成溶液的是    ▲   (填字母序号)。

A.谷物调和油

B.食盐

C.面粉

D.味精

答案

(1)A(2)元素;甲状腺肿大(3)B(4)乳化(5)食醋(6)BD

分析:(1)根据维生素的主要食物来源判断.

(2)根据碘盐中“碘”的存在形式和碘的生理功能回答.

(3)根据材料的分类知识判断.

(4)根据洗涤剂的乳化作用原理回答.

(5)根据碳酸钙与醋酸反应生成可溶的醋酸钙、水、二氧化碳的性质回答.

(6)根据溶液的定义、形成及特征判断.

解答:解:(1)A、苹果中主要含有维生素,所以正确.

B、牛奶中主要含有蛋白质,所以错误.

C、植物油属于油脂,所以错误.

D、米饭中主要含有糖类,所以错误.

(2)碘盐中的“碘”是以碘酸钾的形式存在的,这里的碘指元素;碘是合成甲状腺激素的主要元素,缺乏会患甲状腺肿大和呆小症.

(3)A、橡胶属于合成材料,所以错误.

B、棉花纤维是天然纤维,属于天然有机高分子材料,所以正确.

C、塑料属于合成材料,所以错误.

(4)洗涤剂有乳化作用,能把大的油滴乳化成无数细小的油滴,随水冲走.

(5)食醋中含有醋酸,水垢的主要成分是碳酸钙,碳酸钙与醋酸反应生成可溶的醋酸钙、水、二氧化碳,所以厨房中能用食醋来除水垢.

(6)溶液是均一的、稳定的混合物,要能和水混合形成溶液,则该物质必须能溶解于水.

A.谷物调和油不溶于水,与水混合能形成乳浊液,所以错误.

B.食盐能溶于水,与水混合可形成溶液,所以正确.

C.面粉不溶于水,与水混合能形成悬浊液,所以错误.

D.味精能溶解于水,与水混合可形成溶液,所以正确.

故答案为:(1)A;(2)元素;甲状腺肿大;(3)B;(4)乳化;(5)食醋;(6)BD.

单项选择题
单项选择题

Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.
These rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the summer hotels mat sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Famous comedies like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar all got their start touring the hotel clubs here. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers, chasing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the Catskills hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and changed their facilities to meet the needs of today’s visitors.
Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all-organic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles. For more information on vacations in the Catskills, call the office of Public Information.

The word "rugged" underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______.

A. barren
B. rough
C. tall
D. lush