问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文化经典选段,回答问题。(6分)

齐人伐燕,胜之。宣王问曰:“或谓寡人勿取,或谓寡人取之。以万乘之国伐万乘之国,五旬而举之,人力不至于此。不取,必有天殃。取之,何如?”

孟子对曰:“取之而燕民悦,则取之。古之人有行之者,武王是也。取之而燕民不悦,则勿取。古之人有行之者,文王是也。以万乘之国伐万乘之国,箪食壶浆以迎王师②,岂有他哉?避水火也。如水益深,如火益热,亦运①而已矣。”注释①运:转。

(1)下列各项中,对上面《孟子》选段的理解,不正确的一项是()

A.齐宣王认为攻打燕国轻易取胜是天意如此。

B.齐宣王询问孟子该不该占领燕国,说明他对这个问题毫无主见。

C.齐宣王间接否认攻打燕国取胜是天意。

D.孟子认为只有正义之师才能得到百姓的拥戴。(2)对战争的目的与成败,齐宣王与孟子有不同的认识,请简要阐述。(3分)

齐宣王认为:

孟子认为:

答案

(1)B(2)齐宣王认为:战争是为了占领,占领就是胜利。(1分)孟子认为:战争是为了救民于水火,得民心者才能获得胜利。(或:统治者只有广施仁政,才会得到百姓的拥护,取得战争的胜利。)(2分)

(1)(齐宣王虽提出该不该“取”的问题,但从“不取,必有天殃”中可推断其意已偏向“取”。)(2)略

参考译文:齐国人攻打燕国,大获全胜。齐宣王问道:“有人劝我不要占领燕国,有人又劝我占领它。我觉得,以一个拥有万辆兵车的大国去攻打一个同样拥有万辆兵车的大国,只用了五十天就打下来了,光凭人力是做不到的呀。如果我们不占领它,一定会遭到天灾吧。占领它,怎么样?”

孟子回答说:“占领它而使燕国的老百姓高兴,那就占领它。古人有这样做的,周武王便是。占领它而使燕国的老百姓不高兴,那就不要占领它。古人有这样做的,周文王便是。以齐国这样一个拥有万辆兵车的大国去攻打燕国这样一个同样拥有万辆兵车的大国,燕国的老百姓却用饭筐装着饭,用酒壶盛着酒浆来欢迎大王您的军队,难道有别的什么原因吗?不过是想摆脱他们那水深火热的日子罢了。如果您让他们的水更深,火更热,那他们也就会转而去求其他的出路了。”

单项选择题
单项选择题

It sounds like a science fiction, but researchers say it’s a scientific fact: Microscopic organisms dubbed "killer algae" are paralyzing fish with unknown toxins and then eating away at their flesh. They might be making people sick, too.
The name given to this single-cell organism, or dinoflagellate, is Pfiesteria piscimorte—literally, "fish killer." It was discovered at North Carolina State University in 1988, but at the same time, few scientists believed in its existence, much less in its highly unusual predatory nature. But ongoing research has led to international acknowledgment of the phenomenon and, recently, research funding.
Seemingly prompted by an unknown substance secreted by fish, the aggressive creature swims into action. It sends neurotoxins into the water and air, paralyzing a fish’s nervous system, and causing it to gasp for air at the surface. Eventually the fish suffocates. The killer dinoflagellate then attaches itself to the fish and begins sucking away at its flesh. This macabre scenario may help solve several sea mysteries, such as why fishermen report seeing "fish walks" (fish trying to leave the water) and pools of dead fish with holes eaten through them.
Whether humans are affected by the dinoflagellate’s toxin remains to be seen. Researchers think it’s unlikely eating fresh fish are in danger, but anyone with frequent exposure to the creature could be in peril. Several researchers working with the algae have reported bouts of memory loss and disorientation.
To understand the killer algae further, scientists must fully characterize their toxin and determine what stimulates them to attack. They also need to know if the algae are hurting fish populations, and whether pollutants make them more likely to attack.

It is implied in the passage that ______ .

A.many scientists had known dinoflagellate before 1988

B.there had been no such organisms before 1988

C.many scientists were in doubt about the nature of the organism in 1988

D.no scientists knew anything about the organism in 1988