问题 问答题

根据图示阐述凯农的丘脑情绪理论。

答案

参考答案:在本世纪20年代,美国生理学家凯农就提出了丘脑是情绪中枢的看法,其要旨如图。此图表明情绪发生时,关键在于大脑皮层与丘脑之间神经冲动的往返传导。 图中,感受器(R)接受外周刺激后发生的兴奋,沿着神经通道1到达丘脑(Th),再通过D到达大脑皮层(C),引起大脑皮层兴奋,从而形成人们对外界对象的知觉。然后皮层的兴奋经过通路3,使经常处于抑制状态的丘脑中心获得释放,引起一种情绪模式(P)。丘脑的神经冲动经过通路2引起内脏(V)和横纹肌(SKM)的活动,从内脏和横纹肌系统来的内部感觉回到丘脑,并经过通路4再回到大脑皮层,在皮层上和最初发生的知觉相结合,就使人们关于外界对象的知觉获得情绪色彩。

阅读理解

Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings.

In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.

The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).

Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18C, people become stronger.

Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for work and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度).

Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem.

小题1:People may have more intelligence when _____ comes.

A.a rain

B.very hot weather

C.a strong wind

D.low air pressure小题2:Low air pressure may make people _______.

A.forgetful

B.sad

C.angry

D.tired小题3:In “good weather” of 18 centigrade, _______.

A.people are very forgetful

B.people can’t do their work well

C.thin people feel cold

D.people are in better health小题4:The writer wants to tell us that _______.

A.hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way

B.weather influences people’s lives

C.IQ never changes during weather changes

D.There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health

问答题

2007年10月,甲、乙、丙、丁四位自然人按照《中华人民共和国合伙企业法》的规定,共同投资设立一从事餐饮的有限合伙企业。合伙协议约定了以下事项: (1) 甲以现金5万元出资,乙以房屋作价8万元出资,丙以劳务作价4万元出资,另外以商标权作价5万元出资,丁以现金10万元出资; (2) 丁为普通合伙人,甲、乙、丙均为有限合伙人;合伙企业的事务由丙和丁执行,对外代表合伙企业,甲和乙不执行合伙企业事务,也不对外代表合伙企业; 合伙协议经过相关部门纠正后,合伙企业得以成立,在当年的生产经营活动中发生了以下的事项: (1) 2007年11月,甲未经其他合伙人同意向该有限合伙企业销售了一批食品原料,经查,该事项在合伙协议中并未约定。 (2) 2007年12月,丁未经其他合伙人同意购买了该有限合伙企业销售的食品,经查,该事项在合伙协议中并未约定。 (3) 某日,丙因受精神刺激,突发精神分裂症,被确认丧失民事行为能力,甲、乙、丁一致要求丙退伙。 要求:根据以上事实,回答下列问题: (1) 该合伙企业的合伙协议中哪些约定违反了《合伙企业法》的规定分别说明理由。 (2) 甲向合伙企业销售食品原料的行为是否合法并说明理由。 (3) 丁从合伙企业处购买食品的行为是否合法并说明理由。 (4) 甲、乙、丁要求丙退伙是否符合规定并说明理由。