问题 阅读理解与欣赏
阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。(9分 每小题3分)
张顺,民兵部将也。襄阳受围五年,宋闯知其西北一水曰清泥河,源于均、房,即其地造轻舟百艘,以三舟联为一舫,中一舟装载,左右舟则虚其底而掩覆之。出重赏募死士,得三千。求将,得顺与张贵,俗呼顺曰“矮张”,贵曰“竹园张”。俱智勇,素为诸将所服,俾为都统。出令曰:“此行有死而已,汝辈或非本心,宜亟去,毋败吾事。”人人感奋。
汉水方生,发舟百艘,稍进团山下。越二日,进高头港口,结方陈,各船置火枪、火炮、炽炭、巨斧、劲弩。夜漏下三刻,起矴出江,以红灯为识。贵先登,顺殿之,乘风破浪,径犯重围。至磨洪滩以上,北军舟师布满江面,无隙可入。众乘锐凡断铁絙攒杙数百,转战百二十里,黎明抵襄城下。城中久绝援,闻救至,踊跃气百倍。及收军,独失顺。越数日,有浮尸溯流而上,被介胄,执弓矢,直抵浮梁,视之顺也,身中四枪六箭,怒气勃勃如生。诸军惊以为神,结冢敛葬,立庙祀之。
张贵既抵襄,襄帅吕文焕力留共守。贵恃其骁勇,欲还郢,乃募二士能伏水中数日不食,使持蜡书赴郢求援。北兵增守益密,水路连锁数十里,列撒星桩,虽鱼虾不得度。二人遇桩即锯断之,竟达郢,还报,许发兵五千驻龙尾洲以助夹击。
刻日既定,乃别文焕东下,点视所部军,洎登舟,帐前一人亡去,乃有过被挞者。贵惊曰:“吾事泄矣,亟行,彼或未及知。”复不能衔枚隐迹,乃举炮鼓噪发舟,乘夜顺流断絙破围冒进,众皆辟易。既出险地,夜半天黑,至小新城,大兵邀击,以死拒战。沿岸束荻列炬,火光烛天如白昼。至勾林滩,渐近龙尾洲,遥望军船旗帜纷披,贵军喜跃,举流星火示之。军船见火即前迎,及势近欲合,则来舟皆北兵也。盖郢兵前二日以风水惊疑,退屯三十里,而大兵得逃卒之报,据龙尾洲以逸待劳。贵战已困,出于不意,杀伤殆尽,身被数十枪,力不支见执,卒不屈,死之。乃命降卒四人舁尸至襄,令于城下曰:“识矮张乎?此是也。”守陴者皆哭,城中丧气。文焕斩四卒,以贵祔葬顺冢,立双庙祀之。(选自《宋史》)
小题1:下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.汉水方生,发舟百艘,稍进团山下稍:稍微
B.诸军惊以为神,结冢敛葬,立庙祀之祀:祭拜
C.乘夜顺流断絙破围冒进,众皆辟易辟:通“避”,躲避
D.贵战已困,出于不意,杀伤殆尽意,料想
小题2:以下各组句子中,全都表现张顺张贵英勇无畏的一组是(3分)
①贵先登,顺殿之               ②此行有死而已,汝辈或非本心,宜亟去
③身中四枪六箭,怒气勃勃如生   ④众乘锐凡断铁絙攒杙数百,转战百二十里
⑤二人遇桩即锯断之,竟达郢     ⑥身被数十枪,力不支见执,卒不屈
A.①③⑤B.①④⑥C.②③⑥D.②④⑤
小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是(3分)
A.宋朝将领将三条小船连在一起成为一艘舫,用中间一艘小船装载兵士,左右两艘则将其底凿空并盖上盖子来作为掩饰。B.张贵率军突围时,元军“皆辟易”,只是由于叛兵的出卖,使得元军占据龙尾洲以逸待劳,才导致突围失败,自己被擒,被杀。
C.张贵突围前派遣两名士兵赴新郢求援。这两名士兵,在重围中置生死于度外,成功突围,最后竟然到达了郢,两名士兵表现得无比英勇。
D.在各船中装备各种作战工具,入夜过了三刻后才启航出江,并用红灯作为信号,能看出张顺张贵在率军解救襄阳之前是做了充分准备的。
小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)俱智勇,素为诸将所服,俾为都统。(4分)
(2)刻日既定,乃别文焕东下,点视所部军,洎登舟,帐前一人亡去,乃有过被挞者。(6分)
答案

小题1:A(稍:逐渐)

小题2:C(④叙述的是众人的行为;⑤写的是两位报信的士兵)

小题3:B(不仅是由于叛兵的出卖,还因援军因狂风巨浪而退屯)

小题4:(1)(4分)张顺张贵都是智勇双全,一向被将士们信任,让他们担任都统。

(译出大意2分;“素”译为“一向”“一直”“为……所”译为“被”,每译对一处1分)

(2)(5分)不久后襄阳已经平定,张贵于是告别文焕向东而下,他检阅了自己的部下,到上船时发现自己帐前一名曾经犯了错误被鞭刑过的人逃走了。

(译出大意2分;“既”译为“已经”“点视”译为“检阅”“洎”译为“及”“等到”每译对一处1分)

参考译文:张顺是民兵的一员部将。襄阳城被围困了五年,宋朝将领探知它的西北面有一条叫做“清泥河”的河流,发源于均州、房州,就在这个地方造了轻快小船上百艘,将三条小船连在一起成为一艘舫,用中间一艘小船装载兵士,左右两艘则将其底凿空并盖上盖子来作为掩饰。宋将给出重赏来招募死士,招得三千名。招募将领,招得了张顺和张贵。人们称张顺为“矮张”,张贵则叫做“竹园张”,他们都是智勇双全,一向被将士们信任,让他们担任都统。他们下令道:“这次行动不过一死罢了,如果你们有谁不是出于本心跟随,最好快点离开,不要妨碍我们的大事。”将士们人人都感到振奋。

在汉水涨水时,派出百艘战船,缓缓进入团山下。过了两天,进入高头港口,工事布置好后,在各船中装备了火枪、火炮、烧红的木炭、巨大的战斧、强劲的弓弩。在入夜过了三刻后(“漏”是古代计时之器,指报时漏斗里的滴水。“下三刻”是指古代一个时辰分为上、中、下三刻),启航出江,用红灯作为信号。张贵做先锋,张顺殿后,他们乘风破浪,迅速突破重围。到了磨洪滩以上,元军的兵船布满江面,没有突围的缝隙。众军士趁着锐气一共斩断敌人用铁索连起的杙船几百艘,转战二十里,到黎明时分抵达了襄阳城下。襄阳城中已经很久没有救援了,听闻援军到了,士气顿时高涨百倍。到收军的时候,唯独没有看到张顺。过了几天,有一具浮尸逆流而上,身穿战甲,手拿弓箭,一直漂到浮桥下,人们一看原来是张顺,之间他身中四枪六箭,脸上满是愤怒的表情,仿佛活着一般。众将士都认为他是神,于是为他立碑安葬,并且为他立了一座庙来祭拜他。

张贵抵达襄阳后,襄阳守将吕文焕竭力留下与他们共同守卫襄阳。张贵凭借自己的勇猛,想要返回郢,于是招募了两名能够在水下几天不吃东西的兵士,派他们拿着用蜡包好的信到郢请求救援。元兵增加守卫更加的严密了,将水路封锁了连续几十里,并布置了撒星桩,即便是鱼虾都不能度过。那两人碰到撒星桩就用锯子锯断,最后竟然到达了郢,交付了情报,郢守将同意发兵五千驻扎在九尾洲来援助他们夹击。

不久后襄阳已经平定,张贵于是告别文焕向东而下,他检阅了自己的部下,到上船时发现自己帐前一名曾经犯了错误被鞭刑过的人逃走了。张贵惊呼:“我的大事要泄露了,快点行动,敌人或许还不知道。”在再不可能隐藏行踪的时候,于是开炮擂鼓开船,趁着夜色顺流而下,斩断铁锁突破重围大胆前进,敌人都惊慌躲避退去。冲出险境后,正是三更半夜,来到了小新城,敌人的大兵不断邀战,他们却死守拒战。沿岸摆着成捆的束荻草和火把,火光把天照耀得像白天一样明亮。到了勾林滩,渐渐靠近龙尾洲,远远望见军船的旗帜纷纷收起,军士们十分喜悦,点燃流星火来示意。张贵的军船看到火光于是向前迎接,等到接近到几乎合为一处时,才发现来的全是元兵。原来郢派出的兵前两天因为惊疑风水而退到三十里外屯兵,而元军得到那个逃走的士兵报告,占据龙尾洲以逸待劳。张贵战斗得已经困乏,又出乎自己意料,被杀得几乎死去,身中几十枪,因为体力不支被擒,最后宁死不屈而被杀害。元军于是命令四个投降的士兵将张贵的尸体抬到襄阳,在城下叫道:“你们认识矮张吗?这就是的。”守城的人都哭了,城中士气低落。文焕杀了那四个降兵,将张贵合葬在张顺的坟墓,立了双庙来祭拜他们。

选择题
阅读理解

British researchers are looking for volunteers willing to eat a piece of chocolate daily for a year in the name of science. The trial(实验) will explore whether flavonoids (类黄酮) found in chocolate and other foods can reduce the risk of heart disease.

“We are looking at a high risk group first,” said Aedin Cassidy, a biochemist who will lead the study.

Previous studies have suggested dark chocolate is rich in the beneficial flavonoids linked with heart health, but experts note the high sugar and fat content of most commercially available chocolate might cancel out some of the advantages. Other research has also shown dark chocolate appears to lower blood pressure, improve the function of blood vessels (血管)and reduce the risk of heart attack.

This has encouraged companies to market specific products containing dark chocolate. Mars Inc has introduced Cocoa Via, a line of dark and premium chocolates that plays up such health advantages.

Cassidy said her team will also publish findings in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showing that flavonoids found in soy and cocoa appear to have the strongest effects of reducing risk of heart disease.

The next step will organize 150 women volunteers with a specific illness. The researchers will look at whether flavonoids help reduce blood pressure, cut cholesterol levels and improve the condition of blood vessels.

Half the women in the year-long study will eat chocolate containing 30 grams of flavonoids found in soy, cocoa and other fruits and vegetables. The others will get chocolate without the active flavonoids.

“This could help doctors give advice to patients on the type and amount of foods to eat to reduce heart disease risk—and it does not necessarily need to be chocolate,” Cassidy said. “If this trial works we will be able to advise on a whole range of foods. People won't have to go around eating specially designed chocolate.”

1. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Volunteers wanted for chocolate study.           B. Chocolate is good for health.

C. A new research on heart attacks.                 D. Flavonoids found in chocolate.

2. What’s the purpose of the trial?

A. To test the advantages of a new kind of chocolate.

B. To find cures for heart disease.

C. To discover how to control blood pressure.

D. To explore the advantages of flavonoids.

3. From Paragraph 3 we can infer that __________.

A. Cassidy’s team has done several studies on chocolate

B. dark chocolate has proved beneficial to health

C. people should eat much chocolate with high sugar and fat

D. most commercially available chocolate doesn’t contain flavonoids

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All the volunteers will eat the same chocolate.

B. CocoaVia is a company that produces dark chocolate.

C. People who want to take part in the trial should be healthy.

D. Soy, cocoa, some fruit and vegetables contain flavonoids.