问题 选择题

X、Y、Z、W、R是5种短周期元素,其原子序数依次增大.X是周期表中原子半径最小的元素,Y原子最外层电子数是次外层电子数的3倍,Z、W、R处于同一周期,R与Y处于同一族,Z、W原子的核外电子数之和与Y、R原子的核外电子数之和相等.下列说法正确的是(  )

A.元素Y、Z、W具有相同电子层结构的离子,其半径依次增大

B.元素X不能与元素Y形成化合物X2Y2

C.元素Y、R分别与元素X形成的化合物的热稳定性:XmY>XmR

D.元素W、R的最高价氧化物的水化物都是强酸

答案

A、从题目所给的条件可以看出X是H元素,Y是O元素,Z是Na元素,W是Al元素,R是S元素.Y、Z、W具有相同电子层结构的离子(O2-、Na+、Al3+),根据核外电子排布相同的微粒,半径随着核电荷数的增加而减小,其半径依次减小,故A错误;

B、X和Y元素能形成2种化合物,X2Y(H2O)和X2Y2(H2O2),故B错误;

C、元素Y、R分别与元素X形成的化合物是氢化物,因为Y(O元素)和R(S元素)的非金属性强弱:Y>R,所以对应的氢化物的稳定性:XmY>XmR,故C正确;

D、W元素最高价氧化物的水化物是Mg(OH)2,是中强碱,而R元素最高价氧化物的水化物是H2SO4,是强酸,故D错误.

故选C.

单项选择题

Passage Three

A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joys all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.

What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad

A.The need to explore Utah.

B.The need to connect the east coast with the west.

C.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.

D.The possibility of government support for such a task.

单项选择题 A3/A4型题