问题 问答题

实验小组的同学用如图所示的电路,测量电阻R的阻值.

(1)请你把这个电路连接完整,同时把表格补充完整

实验次数电压U/V电流I/A电阻R/Ω
11.400.207.0
21.700.247.1
32.400.32______
(2)闭合开关前,滑动变阻器的滑片P应置于______端.(填“左”或“右”)

(3)闭合开关后,发现电流表无示数,电压表有示数,该故障的原因可能是______.(填“电阻R断路”或“电阻R短路”)

(4)通过这个实验,他们测得电阻R的阻值是______.

(5)实验小组测完电阻后,把R换成额定电压为2.5V的小灯泡,测量了小灯泡电功率,实验记录数据和现象如下表:

电压U/V2.02.53.0
电流I/A0.260.300.32
电功率P/W__________________
灯泡发光情况较暗正常发光很亮
根据他们记录的数据和现象得出:

①小灯泡的额定功率(填在本题的表格中);②小灯泡灯丝电阻随两端的电压增大而______(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”),原因是小灯泡的灯丝电阻跟温度______.(填“有关”或“无关”)

答案

(1)电源的负极与滑动变阻器的任意上方接线柱串联,电流表的负接线柱与定值电阻串联,如下图所示:

当U=2.4V,I=0.32A时,电阻的阻值R=

U
I
=
2.4V
0.32A
=7.5Ω;

(2)闭合开关前,保护电路的滑动变阻器处于最大阻值处的左端;

(3)闭合开关后,发现电流表无示数,电压表有示数,该故障的原因可能是电阻R断路;

(4)通过这个实验,他们测得电阻值是R=

7.0Ω+7.1Ω+7.5Ω
3
=7.2Ω;

(5)由表中数据可得:P1=U1I1=2V×0.26A=0.52W,P2=U2I2=2.5V×0.3A=0.75W,P3=U3I3=3V×0.32A=0.96W,表格如下:

电压U/V2.02.53.0
电流I/A0.260.300.32
电功率P/W0.520.750.96
灯泡发光情况较暗正常发光很亮
①灯泡的额定功率为0.75W;

②根据欧姆定律可得:

R1=

U1
I1
=
2V
0.26A
≈7.69Ω,R2=
U2
I2
=
2.5V
0.3A
≈8.33Ω,R3=
U3
I3
=
3V
0.32A
≈9.38Ω,

所以灯丝的电阻随两端的电压增大而增大;

原因是随着电压的变大,通过灯丝的电流变大,灯丝产生的热量变大,灯丝的温度升高,灯丝的电阻值变大即灯丝电阻与温度有关.

故答案为:

(1)如上图所示;

(2)左;

(3)电阻R断路;

(4)7.2Ω;

(5)①0.75;②增大;有关.

选择题
完形填空

三、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

If you travel in some areas in India, you will be ___31_____enough to be waited on by special guide monkeys. Dressed in waistcoat, the monkeys are always ready to be at your service. Hungry, you only have to point to your own stomach and they will lead you to the __ 32 . ____33___, you put both your hands behind your head and monkeys will take you to the hotel. If you want to drink, monkeys will send you to a bar. But do not feel ___34__ when they put out their hairy hands__35____ the service is done. They’re just asking for a little money as a tip. After that, they wave their hands as if they were saying ___36___ to you .

Believe it or not, the monkeys are from the school for monkeys in India, ___37___ they were ____38____for one year to get their diplomas(学位). They’re not __39___ monkey students in the world. Some are now being trained as ___40______ in an American medical college. These monkeys ___41___ to look after patients and help them with housework.

A three- year- old monkey named Helen had learned to turn ___42___ the light, use a recorder and open doors and windows _43___ he is told to .In the tropical Malaysia where coconut trees are high up to the sky, monkeys would climb to the top and ___44____off the coconut for people. ___45__ the job is done, they would rush to their master, hoping to get some wild fruits as rewards.

31. A. calm              B. familiar      C. angry             D. lucky

32. A. shop              B. restaurant      C. hotel            D. store

33. A. Tired                   B. Thirsty        C. Angry           D. Sorry

34. A. afraid            B. surprised       C. lonely           D. concerned

35. A. before            B. while         C. after             D. till

36. A. sorry            B. hello          C. good-bye        D. thanks

37. A. when             B. which         C. where           D. since

38. A. taught            B. practised        C. trained         D. persuaded

39. A. the only           B. the same       C. different         D. living

40. A. nurses            B. workers        C. cleaners         D. waiters

41. A. are able           B. are unable      C. are about        D. have to

42. A. up and down       B. in and out      C. over            D. on and off

43. A. when             B. before         C. unless          D. till

44. A. take                B. make         C. pick            D. catch

45. A. Although          B. Since         C. Once           D. Because