问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文

谢枋得,字君直,信州弋阳人也。为人豪爽。每观书,五行俱下,一览终身不忘。性好直言,一与人论古今治乱国家事,必掀髯抵几,跳跃自奋,以忠义自任。

宝佑中,举进士,对策极攻丞相董槐与宦官董宋臣,意擢高第矣,及奏名,中乙科。除抚州司户参军,即弃去。明年复出,试教官,中兼经科,除教授建宁府。五年,枋得考试建康,擿似道政事为问目。漕使陆景思衔之,上其稿于似道。坐居乡不法,且讪谤,追两官,谪居兴国军。德佑元年,吕文焕导大元兵东下鄂、黄、蕲、安庆、九江,凡其亲友部曲皆诱下之。枋得与吕师夔善,乃应诏上书,以一族保师夔可信,且愿身至江州见文焕与议。会文焕北归,不及而反。

明年正月,师夔与武万户分定江东地,枋得以兵逆之。吕军驰至,枋得走入安仁,奔信州,不守。乃变姓名,入建宁,寓逆旅中,日麻衣蹑履,东乡而哭,人不识之,以为被病也。已而去,卖卜建阳市中,有来卜者,惟取米屦而已,委以钱,率谢不取。其后人稍稍识之,多延至其家,使为弟子论学

至元二十三年,集贤学士程文海荐宋臣二十二人,以枋得为首,辞不起。又明年,行省丞相忙兀台将旨诏之。枋得曰:"上有尧、舜,下有巢、由,枋得名姓不祥,不敢赴诏。"丞相义之,不强也。二十五年,尚书留梦炎以枋得荐。枋得遗书梦炎,终不行。

福建行省参政魏天佑见时方以求材为急,欲荐枋得为功。枋得骂曰:"天佑仕闽,无毫发推广德意,反起银冶病民,顾以我辈饰好邪?"及见天佑,又傲岸不为礼。天佑怒,强之而北。

二十六年四月,至京师。已而病,迁悯忠寺,见壁间《曹娥碑》,泣曰:"小女子犹尔,吾岂不汝若哉!"留梦炎使医持药杂米饮进之,枋得怒曰:"吾欲死,汝乃欲生我邪?"弃之于地,终不食而死。

(选自《宋史·谢枋得传》,有删改)

【注】①问目:题目。②吕文焕:南宋降元将领。③吕师夔:吕文焕之侄。

小题1:下列各句中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.擿似道政事为问目擿:拟定、设置

B.枋得以兵逆之逆:迎击、抵御

C.委以钱,率谢不取谢:谢绝

D.人不识之,以为被病也被:遭受小题2:下列句子编为四组,全都表现谢枋得具有民族气节的一项是(   )(3分)

①对策极攻丞相董槐与宦官董宋臣

②枋得遗书梦炎,终不行

③除抚州司户参军,即弃去

④有来卜者,惟取米屦而已

⑤及见天佑,又傲岸不为礼

⑥弃之于地,终不食而死

A.②③④

B.①③⑤

C.①④⑥

D.②⑤⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(   )

A.谢枋得为人豪爽,性情刚直。跟人谈论起古今治乱的国家大事,就一定掀须拍案,跳跃奋起,显得和激动。

B.吕文焕引元兵来进攻的时候,还诱降自己的亲属和部下,但他的侄子吕师夔没有投降。谢枋得想亲自去何吕文焕谈判,最终没有成功。

C.谢枋得曾率兵守卫安仁和信州,失败之后,在建宁隐姓埋名,住在旅馆里,常常向东大哭;不久他又流落到了建阳,以给人占卜为生。

D.谢枋得曾经是被推荐的宋朝旧臣的第一位,但是他并没有应召。后来,他又先后三次拒绝了元朝官员们对他的征召,始终没有再出仕。小题4:把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)坐居乡不法,且讪谤,追两官,谪居兴国军。

                                                                

(2)其后人稍稍识之,多延至其家,使为弟子论学。

                                                                

答案

小题1:A

小题1:D

小题1:B

小题1:(1)犯了处在乡间不守法纪,又诽谤他人的罪行,追夺了谢枋得的两个官职,贬到兴国军。

(2)后来,人们渐渐认识了他,许多人邀请他到自己家中,让他给子弟们讲学。

小题1: (擿:揭发、指责)

小题1:(① 表现其正直、嫉恶如仇;③表现其刚直;④表现其洁身自好)

小题1:(“吕师夔没有投降”错)

小题1:(1) (大意译对2分“坐”、“追”、“谪”译对各1分)

(2) (大意译对2分,“稍稍”、“延” 、“为”译对各1分)

附文言文参考译文

谢枋得字君直,是信州弋阳人。为人豪爽。每次读书的时候,可以五行一齐看下来,看过一次,终身不会忘记。他天性喜欢直言,一与别人谈论古今治乱的国家大事,一定掀起胡子,抵着几案,跳跃奋起,显出很激动的样子,把“忠义”作为已任。

宝祐年间,谢枋得参加进士科考试,在考策论时严厉攻击丞相董槐和宦官董宋臣,他料想自己能高中进士甲科,结果只中了乙科。他被任命担任抚州司户参军,随即放弃而离去。第二年又被任职,试任教官,中兼经科,担任建宁府教授。宝祐五年,谢枋得在建宁府主持考试,他以指责贾似道的政事为试卷题目。漕运使陆景思把这件事记在心里,将文稿送给贾似道。贾似道就以谢枋得犯了处在乡间不守法纪,又诽谤他人的罪行,追夺了谢枋得的两个官职,贬到兴国军。德祐元年,吕文焕引导元兵沿长江东下攻占鄂州、黄州、蕲州、安庆、九江,凡是他的亲属和部下都被诱降了。谢枋得与吕文焕的侄子吕师夔关系很好,于是应诏上书,用自己的全族人保证吕师夔可以信任,并且愿意亲自去江州会见吕文焕与他谈判。恰逢吕文焕回北方,没有见到他就返回了。

第二年正月,吕师夔和武万户分兵平定江东,谢枋得率兵迎击。吕师夔的军队飞奔而来,谢枋得逃入安仁,接着又逃到信州,信州没有守住。于是他改变姓名,进入建宁,寄居在旅店中,每天穿着麻衣麻鞋,向着东方大哭。人们都不认识他,以为他遭受疾病。不久离开建宁,到建阳街市上为人占卜为生,有来占卜的人,他只拿米和鞋,如果有人给他钱,他大都谢绝不拿。后来,人们逐渐认识了他,许多人邀请他到自己家中,让他给子弟们讲学。

至元二十三年,集贤学士程文海向元朝推荐南宋旧臣二十二人,把谢枋得排在第一位,他推辞不赴任。第二年,行省丞相忙兀台带着圣旨征召他。谢枋得说:“上有唐尧、虞舜,下有巢父、许由,我谢枋得的姓名不吉祥,所以不敢奉诏前往。”丞相认为他很仁义,就没有强求他。至元二十五年,尚书留梦炎推荐谢枋得,谢枋得写信给留梦炎拒绝此事,最终还是没有出发就任。

福建行省参政魏天祐见当时朝廷正把寻求人才作为当务之急,就想把推荐谢枋得作为功劳。谢枋得大骂他说:“魏天祐在福建做官,丝毫没有推广仁义道德的意思,相反,还大兴炼银来残害百姓,难道想要我辈来为他做好看的装饰吗?”等见到魏天祐,又傲慢而不行礼。魏天祐大怒,强迫他到北方去。

至元二十六年四月,谢枋得到了京师。不久就病了,迁居到悯忠寺,他看见墙上的《曹娥碑》文,大哭道:“小女子尚且那样(讲孝义),我难道不如她吗?”留梦炎派医生拿来药物拌进米粥让他进食,谢枋得大怒说:“我想死,你却要让我活吗?”他把药饭扔在地上,最终绝食而死。

判断题
问答题

Man first appeared on the earth about 2 million years ago. Then he was little more than an animal; but early man had a big advantage over the animals. He had in his brain special groups of nerve cells, not present in animals that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men. 46) This ability to speak was of great value because it allowed men to share ideas, and to plan together, so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully undertaken by intelligent team-work. Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased.
It was this special ability that put men far ahead of other living creatures in the struggle for existence. 47) He mastered darkness first with dim lights and later with brighter and brighter lamps, until he can now make for himself so dazzling a light with an are lamp that, like the sun, it is too p for his naked eyes.
48) Man found that his own muscles were too weak for the work which he wanted to do; he explored many other forms of power until now he has his hands on the ultimate source of physical energy, the nuclear power. From man’s earliest days the flight of birds has raised his wonder and desire. Why should he not fly as they did Then he began to experiment. At last he learnt how to make the right machines to carry him through the air. Now he can fly faster than sound. Already he has plans for conquering space, and a series of experiments has been completed. 49) It will not be long now before man takes a giant step away from his planet and visits the moon, learning what it is like to have no weight to his body, no upward direction and no downward.
Man, always a wanderer, has to overcome the difficulty of adapting himself to different climates. 50) Fortunately, in spite of having no. thick skin or warm fur to protect him, he is peculiarly p compared with other living creatures, most of whom are unable to live far outside the region that suits them best.