问题 问答题

下表为元素周期表的一部分,请参照元素①-⑧在表中的位置,用化学用语回答下列问题:

周期

IA0
1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA
2
3
(1)④、⑤、⑥的原子半径由大到小的顺序为______(用元素符号表示).

(2)②、③、⑦的最高价含氧酸的酸性由强到弱的顺序是______.

(3)①、④、⑤、⑧中的某些元素可形成既含离子键又含共价键的化合物,写出其中一种化合物的电子式:______.

(4)由表中两种元素的原子按1:1组成的常见液态化合物的稀液易被催化分解,可使用的催化剂为(填序号)______.

a.MnO2 b.AlCl3 c.Na2SO3     d.KMnO4

(5)由表中元素形成的常见物质X、Y、Z、M、N可发生以下反应:

X溶液与Y溶液反应的离子方程式为______,N→⑥的单质的化学方程式为______.

(6)已知破坏1mol  N≡N键、H-H键、N-H键分别需要吸收的能量为946kJ、436kJ、391kJ.则1molN2完全反应转化为NH3共______(填“吸收”或“放出”)能量______ kJ.

答案

根据元素在周期表中的位置可判断元素的种类,①为H元素,②为C元素,③为N元素,④为O元素,⑤为Na元素,⑥为Al元素,⑦为Si元素,⑧为Cl元素.

(1)电子层越多半径越大,所以O半径最小,同周期元素原子半径从左到右逐渐减小,即Na>Al,故答案为:Na>Al>O;

(2)元素周期表中,同周期从左到右元素的非金属性逐渐增强,同主族从上到下元素的非金属性逐渐减弱,则非金属性的强弱顺序为N>C>Si,非金属性越强,对应最高价氧化物的水化物的酸性越强,故有酸性HNO3>H2CO3>H2SiO3,故答案为:HNO3>H2CO3>H2SiO3

(3)①、④、⑤、⑧中的某些元素可形成既含离子键又含极性共价键的化合物有NaOH、NaClO、NaClO3等物质,属于离子化合物,故答案为:

(4)过氧化氢在MnO2、FeCl3等做催化剂的条件下易发生分解生成氧气,而Na2SO3具有还原性,与过氧化氢反应生成钠硫酸,高锰酸钾具有氧化性,氧化过氧化氢生成氧气,不能用来做催化剂,氯化铝对水的分解无影响,不能作催化剂,故答案为:a;

(5)由

反应转化可知,⑥为Al元素,则N为Al2O3,Z为Al(OH)3,M为仅含非金属元素的盐,应为铵盐,则反应X+Y应是氨气和铝盐在水溶液中的反应,X溶液与Y溶液反应的离子方程式为Al3++3NH3•H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+;工业冶炼铝用电解氧化铝的方法,反应方程式为2Al2O3(熔融)

   电解   
.
冰晶石
4Al+3O2↑,

故答案为:Al3++3NH3•H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+;2Al2O3(熔融)

   电解   
.
冰晶石
4Al+3O2↑;

(6)反应热=吸收的总能量-放出的总能量,所以1mol N2生成NH3的反应热=946kJ+3×436 kJ-2×3×391kJ=-92kJ,所以是放出热量,故答案为:放出;92.

填空题

短文填词

     An American soldier had called his parents before he returned

from a war.He told his parents that a friend of his whom the war

c________him an arm and a leg would come to live                                                              1.________

with them.His parents________(设法) to persuade                                                              2.________

him to stop that foolish idea,________(说)                                                                           3.________

"Someone like him would________a terrible                                                                        4.________

burden on us.Just come home and forget about this

guy.He will find a way to live on his________."                                                                     5.________

The son h________up the telephone.A few days                                                                   6.________

later,the parents received a call from the San Francisco

police.They i________that their son had killed                                                                      7.________

________.The poor parents hurried to the spot,                                                                   8.________

but couldn't b________their own eyes that their son                                                             9.________

was lying________(死) on the ground,with only                                                                  10.________

one arm and one leg.

单项选择题