问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文(15分)

李白传

李白字太白,兴圣皇帝九世孙。其先隋末以罪徙西域,神龙初遁还,客巴西。白之生,母梦长庚星,因以命之。十岁通诗书,既长,隐岷山。州举有道,不应。苏颋为益州长史,见白异之,曰:“是子天才英特,少益以学,可比相如。”然喜纵横术,击剑,为任侠,轻财重施。更客任城,与孔巢父、韩准、裴政、张叔明、陶沔居徂来山,日沉饮,号“竹溪六逸”。天宝初,南入会稽,与吴筠善,筠被召,故白亦至长安。往见贺知章,知章见其文,叹曰:“子,谪仙人也!”乃解金龟换酒,终日相乐。言于玄宗,召见金銮殿,论当世事,奏颂一篇。帝赐食,亲为调羹,有诏供奉翰林。白犹与徒醉于市。玄宗度曲,亟召白,令秉笔,顷之成十余章,帝颇嘉之。帝坐沉香亭子,意有所感,欲得白为乐章,召入,而白已醉,左右以水靧面以稍解,援笔成文,婉丽精切,无留思。帝爱其才,数宴见。白尝侍帝,醉,使高力士脱靴。力士素贵,耻之,摘其诗以激杨贵妃,帝欲官白,妃辄沮止。白自知不为亲近所容,益骜放不自修,与知章、李适之、汝阳王琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂为“酒八仙人”。恳求还山,帝赐金放还。白浮游四方,尝乘月与崔宗之自采石至金陵,著宫锦袍坐舟中,旁若无人。

安禄山反,转侧宿松、匡庐间,永王磷辟为府僚佐。起兵,逃还彭泽;败,当诛。初,白游并州,见郭子仪,奇之。子仪尝犯法白为救免至是子仪请解官以赎有诏长流夜郎会赦还寻阳坐事下狱时宋若思将吴兵三千赴河南道寻阳释囚辟为参谋,未几辞职。

李阳冰为当涂令,白依之。代宗立,以左拾遗召,而白已卒,年六十余。

(选自《旧唐书》,有删改)

[注]①兴圣皇帝:即西凉武昭王李暠,唐玄宗二年追谥。②靧(huì):洗脸。

小题1:对下列句子中划线词的解释,正确的一项是   (3分)

A.神龙初遁还,巴西做客

B.母梦长庚星,因以之  天命

C.帝欲白,妃辄沮止官员

D.永王磷为府僚佐征召小题2:下面句子都能表现李白文学才华的一组是    (3分)

①十岁通诗书 ②然喜纵横术,击剑 ③为任侠,轻财重施 ④即令秉笔,顷之成十余章 ⑤ 援笔成文,婉丽精切,无留思   ⑥使高力士脱靴

A.①②⑤

B.④⑤⑥

C.①④⑤

D.②③④小题3:下列对文章的分析和概括,不正确的一项是    (3分)

A.李白年轻时就才华出众,益州长史苏颋见到他惊叹他为“天才英特”,认为“少益以学”完全能赶上汉代的司马相如。

B.李白和吴筠关系友好,吴筠被召进京城,他也到了长安;后经吴筠引荐得玄宗赏识,进而供奉翰林。

C.李白生平爱酒,在任城时为“竹溪六逸”之一,居长安时常在街市饮酒,成为“酒中八仙人”之一。

D.安史之乱时李白曾在永王李磷幕下当僚佐,李磷失败,李白论罪当斩,幸亏郭子仪全力营救,才幸免一死。小题4:断句和翻译。(6分)

(1)用“/”给下列文段断句。(3分)

子仪尝犯法白为救免至是子仪请解官以赎有诏长流夜郎会赦还寻阳坐事下狱时宋若思将吴兵三千赴河南道寻阳释囚辟为参谋

(2)用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(3分)

力士素贵,耻之,摘其诗以激杨贵妃。

答案

小题1:D

小题1:C

小题1:B

小题1:(1)子仪尝犯法/白为救免/至是/子仪请解官以赎/有诏长流夜郎/会赦/还寻阳/坐事下狱/时宋若思将吴兵三千赴河南/道寻阳/释囚/辟为参谋

[3分。每错3处扣1分,扣完为止。“至是”之后可断可不断,“囚”后可断可不断。]

(2)高力士向来为朝中显贵,替李白脱鞋,很以这件事为耻辱,于是挑剔他诗中的毛病(并加以附会),来激怒杨贵妃。

[3分。“素”、“耻”各1分,大意1分]

小题1:客:客居 命:命名 官:为……授予官职

小题1:②③⑥不能显示李白文学才华,分别写李白好武、乐施与轻视权贵的性格特点。

小题1:并非吴引荐,而是贺知章。

小题1:略

附:课外文言文译文

李白,字太白,兴圣皇帝第九代孙。他的祖先在隋朝末年因罪被流放到西域。神龙初年,他的父辈从西域逃回来,客居于巴西。

李白诞生的时候,他母亲梦见太白星,因而取其字为太白。(李白)十岁时就通读诗文,到了长大成人,隐居于岷山。当时所在的州郡已有道科举荐他,他没有应举。苏颋为益州长史时,见到李白,感到惊异,说:“这个青年天才才智超群,如果再稍加努力,增加点学问,便可以同汉代的司马相如相比。”然而李白喜欢纵横家的那一套术数,学击剑,想当个游侠之士,轻财好施。后来,又客居任城,和孔巢父、韩准、裴政、张叔明、陶沔居徂来山,成日酣饮沉醉,当时号称“竹溪六逸”。

天宝初年,李白南下会稽,和吴筠友善。吴筠被召入京,所以李白也到了长安。李白在长安,去拜见了贺知章;贺知章见到他的诗文,感叹地说:“您,是个天上贬下人间的仙人啊。”于是解下自己身上的金龟饰物来换酒,(与李白)整天相乐。并在玄宗面前说起,玄宗于是在金銮殿召见李白,论当代的大事,献上一篇赋颂。玄宗皇帝赐李白吃的东西,并亲自为他调羹,下诏命他为翰林供奉。(有一次)李白和酒徒还在街市中醉酒。玄宗作词曲,想创作乐府新词,迅速召见李白,让他执笔,李白不久写成十余章,玄宗很赞许他。玄宗皇帝坐在沉香亭,忽然心里受到触动,想要听由李白所写的歌词演奏歌唱的节目,于是召李白入宫,而李白已经醉倒,左右侍从用水给他洗脸,酒醉稍醒,拿笔给他,他提起笔一挥而就,下笔成文,词章婉转华丽,意精旨切,一气呵成,不留余思。玄宗皇帝爱他的才华,几次召见宴请。李白曾经陪玄宗皇帝饮酒,醉了让高力士为他脱鞋。高力士平素为朝中显贵,替李白脱鞋;深以为耻,于是挑剔他诗中的毛病(并加以附会),以激怒杨贵妃。玄宗皇帝想让李白当官,杨贵妃总是从中作梗加以阻止。李白自己知道不被玄宗的亲近所容,愈加桀骜不群,放荡不羁,和贺知章、李适之、汝阳王李琏、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂并称为“酒中八仙人”。李白恳求引退还山,玄宗皇帝也就赐给他金帛,让他回去。李白漂泊于四方,曾经于夜间借着月色,和崔宗之乘船从采石矶至于金陵,身上穿着皇帝所赐宫锦袍,坐在船中旁若无人。

安禄山起兵造反,天下大乱,李白辗转于宿松和匡庐之间。永王李磷聘请他到幕下当僚佐,及至永王起兵,(永王)心怀不轨,他即逃回彭泽;永王失败了,李白论罪当斩。当初,李白游并州曾见郭子仪,郭暗暗称奇。当时郭子仪曾犯法,应受处罚,李白救了他,才免受处罚。至李白论罪当诛的时候,郭子仪愿解除官职以赎李白之罪,于是使李白幸免于一死,朝廷下诏,把他长期流放夜郎。正好碰上大赦,又返回寻阳,因事获罪下狱。那时宋若思率领吴地之兵三千人将赴河南,经过寻阳,将李白释放了,并聘请他为行军参谋,没多久,又辞去参谋之职。

李冰阳任当涂县令,李白去投奔他。代宗即帝位后,召李白左拾遗之职,而这时李白已逝世了,终年六十多岁。

单项选择题
填空题

[A] As a science, management entails the use of organized knowledge. Many of the things managers do are a result of information obtained through formal research and study. One area in which a great deal has been done is quantitative decision making or, as it is known today, management science. We know that by using certain mathematical formulas we can control inventory and project demand more accurately than by merely using trial and error.

[B] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure.

[C] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B. All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other.

[D] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter.

[E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager’ s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. By performing well in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people.

[F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training.

[G] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. Objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled. In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command. As a result, management is both a science and an art.

44()