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Graduates from under-privileged backgrounds are to challenge the elitism of the barristers’ profession, under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of the rich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among the membership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorer backgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as well as measures to end the "intimidating environment" of the barristers’ chambers which young lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates.
The increasing cost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has halted progress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. A number of high- profile barristers, including the prime minister’s wife, Cherie Booth QC, have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated by white, middle-class male lawyers.
In a speech to the Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, Geoffrey Vos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say. The Bar is a professional elite, by which I mean that the Bar’s membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacy and offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind of elitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable.
"Unfortunately, however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Bar stands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in the sense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which is barely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds."
Last month, Mr. Vos warned that the future of the barristers’ profession was threatened by an overemphasis on posh accents and public school education. Mr. Vos said then that people from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favour of those who were from a "snobby" background. People from a privileged background were sometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, he added. In his speech today, Mr. Vos will outline the "barriers to entry," to a career at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome.
The Bar Council has asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how these barriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultation paper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement programme to enable gifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts and barristers at first hand.
The Bar Council is also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favourable terms to allow young, aspiring barristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course year and then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice before they need to repay.
These loans would be available alongside the Inns of Court’s scholarship and awards programmes. Mr. Vos will say today: "I passionately believe that the professions in general, and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates from any background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. The Bar has done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities and we must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds.\

What are the barriers for graduates from under-privileged families to become barristers

答案

参考答案:the barriers including the unfriendly "intimidating environment"/ the increasing cost of the Bar/overemphasis on education background/ a perception that the Bar is run by a social elite/ a sense of "exclusivity, exclusion "/the profession becoming "barely accessible to talented people from poorer backgrounds\

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杨恽报孙会宗书

杨恽

恽既失爵位家居,治产业,起室宅,以财自娱。岁馀,其友人安定太守西河孙会宗,知略士也,与恽书谏戒之,为言大臣废退,当阖门惶惧,为可怜之意,不当治产业,通宾客,有称誉。恽宰相子,少显朝廷,一朝晻昧语见废,内怀不服,报会宗书曰:

恽材朽行秽,文质无所底,幸赖先人馀业,得备宿卫;遭遇时变,以获爵位,终非其任,卒与祸会。足下哀其愚,蒙赐书,教督以所不及,殷勤甚厚。然窃恨足下不深推其终始,而猥随俗之毁誉也。言鄙陋之愚心,若逆指而文过;默而息乎,恐违孔氏“各言尔志”之义,故敢略陈其愚,唯君子察焉。

恽家方隆盛时,乘朱轮者十人,位在列卿,爵为通侯,总领从官,与闻政事,曾不能以此时有所建明,以宣德化,又不能与群僚同心并力,陪辅朝廷之遗忘,已负窃位素餐之责久矣。怀禄贪势,不能自退,遭遇变故,横被口语,身幽北阙,妻子满狱。当此之时,自以灭夷不足以塞责,岂意得全首领,复奉先人之丘墓乎?伏惟圣主之恩,不可胜量。君子游道,乐以忘忧;小人全躯,说以忘罪。窃自思念,过已大矣,行已亏矣,长为农夫以没世矣。是故身率妻子,戮力耕桑,灌园治产,以给公上,不意当复用此为讥议也。

夫人情所不能止者,圣人弗禁,故君父至尊亲,送其终也,有时而既。臣之得罪,已三年矣。田家作苦,岁时伏腊,亨羊炰羔,斗酒自劳。家本秦也,能为秦声,妇赵女也,雅善鼓瑟,奴婢歌者数人,酒后耳热,仰天拊缶而呼乌乌。其诗曰:“田彼南山,芜秽不治。种一顷豆,落而为萁。人生行乐耳,须富贵何时!”是日也,拂衣而喜,奋袖低,顿足起舞,诚淫荒无度,不知其不可也。恽幸有馀禄,方籴贱贩贵,逐什一之利,此贾竖之事,污辱之处,恽亲行之。下流之人,众毁所归,不寒而栗。虽雅知恽者,犹随风而靡,尚何称誉之有?董生不云乎?“明明求仁义,常恐不能化民者,卿大夫之意也;明明求财利,尚恐困乏者,庶人之事也。”故“道不同,不相为谋”。今子尚安得以卿大夫之制而责仆哉!

方当盛汉之隆,愿勉旃,毋多谈。    (有删节)

小题1:下列文中划线的实词解释不正确的一项是( )

A.略士也知:通智,有才智

B.终非其任,与祸会卒:死了

C.而随俗之毁誉也猥:苟且,屈从

D.岂意得首领全:保全小题2:下列选项中,全都直接表现杨恽“内怀不服”的一项是( )

①恽家方隆盛时,乘朱轮者十人,位在列卿,爵为通侯

②默而息乎,恐违孔氏“各言尔志”之义

③戮力耕桑,灌园治产,以给公上,不意当复用此为讥议也

④家本秦也,能为秦声,妇赵女也,雅善鼓瑟

⑤今子尚安得以卿大夫之制而责仆哉

A.①②④

B.①②③

C.②③⑤

D.②③④小题3:下面各项是对文章内容的分析,其中错误的一项是( )

A.杨恽的好友孙会宗见他失去了爵位在家中做事过于张扬,于是写信劝告杨恽为人要低调,不要经商,也不要与宾客多交往,是真心为杨恽着想。

B.杨恽说做官时未能有所建树和表现,来宣扬道德教化,又不能和众同僚同心协力,帮助朝廷完善所疏漏的事情,表现了未能胜任官职的自责之意,因而对被免去爵位没有什么意见。

C.杨恽说自己背负了窃取官位吃白饭的罪责很久了,因留恋官位俸禄贪图权势而遭遇变故,实是愤激的反语,是为自己横遭毁谤失官鸣不平。

D.杨恽借用董仲舒的话强烈表达了自己甘愿做一个自由自在的百姓的愿望,表现了他桀骜不驯的个性特点。小题4:翻译文中画线的句子。

窃自思念,过已大矣,行已亏矣,

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