问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文。

刘洁,长乐信都人也。昭成时,慕容氏献女,洁祖父生为公主家臣,乃随入魏。赐以妻妾,生子堤,位乐陵太守,封信都男。卒。洁袭堤爵。数从征讨,进爵会稽公。后与永安侯魏勤及功劳 * * 元屈等击吐京叛胡,为其所执,送赫连屈丐。洁声气不挠,呼其字而与之言,神色自若,屈丐壮而释之。后得还国,典东部事。明元寝疾,太武监国,洁与古弼等选侍东宫,对综机要。

太武即位,奇其有柱石用,委以大任。及议军国,朝臣咸推其能。迁尚书令,改为钜鹿公。车驾西伐,洁为前锋。沮渠牧犍弟董来距战于城南,洁信卜者之言,以日辰不协,击鼓却阵,故董来得入城。太武微嫌之。洁久在枢密,恃宠自专,帝心稍不平。时议伐蠕蠕,洁言不如广农积谷,以待其来,群臣皆从其议。帝决行,乃从崔浩议。既出,与诸将期会鹿浑谷。而洁恨其计不用,欲沮诸将,乃矫诏更期,诸将不至。时虏众大乱,景穆欲击之,洁执不可。停鹿浑谷六日,诸将犹不集,贼已远遁,追至石水,不及而还。师次漠中,粮尽,士卒多死。洁阴使人惊军,劝帝弃军轻还,帝不从。洁以军行无功,奏归罪于崔浩。帝曰:“诸将后期,及贼不击,罪在诸将,岂在于浩?”又洁矫诏事遂发,舆驾至五原,收洁幽之。

太武之征也,洁私谓亲人曰:“若军出无功,车驾不返,即吾当立乐平王。”洁又使右丞张嵩求图谶,问:“刘氏应王,继国家后,我审有名姓不?”嵩对曰:“有姓而无名。”穷验款引,搜嵩家,果得谶书。洁与南康公秋邻及嵩等皆夷三族,死者百余人。洁既居势要,内外惮之,侧目而视。籍其家,财产巨万。太武追忿,言则切齿。

小题1:下列加点字的解释不正确的一项是(   )

A.典东部事典:主管

B.太武微嫌之微:没有

C.师次漠中,粮尽次:驻扎

D.籍其家,财产巨万籍:抄没小题2:下列句子全都正面表明刘洁“恃宠自专”的一项是(    )

①群臣皆从其议           ②乃矫诏更期,诸将不至

③景穆欲击之,洁执不可   ④若军出无功,车驾不返,即吾当立乐平王

⑤洁阴使人惊军           ⑥内外惮之,侧目而视

A.①②⑤

B.③④⑥

C.②③⑤

D.②⑤⑥小题3:对本文的分析与理解,不正确的一项是(   )

A.刘洁年轻时是个勇敢能干的人,他多次跟随皇上出征,被加官晋爵。后来被叛胡抓住后,他不屈不挠,直呼敌将的名字和敌将说话,不卑不亢。

B.在商议征伐蠕蠕时,刘洁提出广积粮,等待蠕蠕前来的方法,大臣们都赞成他的意见。但太武帝坚持要出征,没有采用刘洁的意见。

C.太武帝出征无功,其实是由刘洁私改诏书日期、拒绝追击敌人、暗中惊扰军队等造成的。后来刘洁想把出师无功的罪责推给崔浩,太武帝没有同意。

D.刘洁有谋反之心,他期望太武帝出师失利,然后他乘机当王;他还曾向张嵩求当王的图谶。后来抄没家产时,果然在刘洁的家中找到了谶书。小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)洁声气不挠,呼其字而与之言,神色自若,屈丐壮而释之。

(2)诸将后期,及贼不击,罪在诸将,岂在于浩?

答案

小题1:B

小题1:C

小题1:D

小题1:(1)刘洁不屈不挠,喊着赫连屈丐的名字和他说话,神色自若,屈丐认为他很勇敢而释放了他。(言:动词,说话;壮:意动用法。)

(2)各位将领在约定的期限后才到,以致敌贼远去无法击杀,罪过在各位将领,怎么在崔浩身上呢?

小题1:(微:稍微、有点)

小题1:(①⑥是侧面描写,凡有①或⑥皆错。)

小题1:(应是在张嵩家里找到了谶书。)

小题1:略

参考译文:

刘洁,长乐信都人。昭成帝时,慕容氏向魏进献女儿,刘洁的祖父刘生是侍奉公主的家臣,于是就随公主入魏。测生被赐给妻妾,生了儿子刘堤,刘斑官至乐陵太守,被封为信都男后去世。刘洁继承了刘堤的爵位,他多次跟随皇上出征,晋爵会稽公。后来,他和永安侯魏勤、功劳 * * 元屈等一起攻打吐京的叛胡,被叛胡抓去,送给赫连屈丐。刘洁不屈不挠,喊着赫连屈丐的名字和他说话,神色自若。屈丐因他的勇敢而释放了他。后来得以回国,主管东部诸事务。明元帝生病期间,太武帝主持国政,刘洁与古弼等人被选派服侍皇太子,帮他处理机要大事。

太武帝即位,认为刘洁是个像国家的柱石一样的奇才,委以重任。在议论军国大事时朝中大臣都认为刘洁有能力,他因此而升迁为尚书令,改为钜鹿公。不久,大军征伐西部的沮渠牧犍,刘洁为先锋。沮渠牧犍的弟弟董来在城南接战,刘洁相信了占卜者的无稽之谈,以日月和时辰不合击鼓收兵,使董来得以进城。太武帝因这件事对他有些不满。刘洁因长久主管枢密,自恃皇帝对他的宠幸,办事独断专行,太武帝为此心中也有些不安。在商议征伐蠕蠕时,刘洁提出不如广积粮食,等待蠕蠕前来,大臣都赞成他的意见,但太武帝坚持出征,采用了崔浩的意见。出征时,皇帝和诸将约定了日期在鹿浑谷会集。刘洁因自己的计策未被采用,想阻止诸将,便改动了诏书上所规定的日期。到了约定的日期,各位大将都没到鹿浑谷。这时候,敌兵大乱,景穆帝打算带兵去袭击敌兵,刘洁不让他去。军队在鹿浑谷停留了六天,诸将还未到达,贼兵已逃远了,他们追到石水,没追上就回兵了。部队到达大漠中间,粮食已尽,士兵死了很多。刘沽暗地里派人骚扰部队,趁机劝皇帝抛弃军队,带少数人轻装而回。皇帝不接受刘洁的建议。刘洁把这次军队出征失利的原因上奏皇帝,把罪过归于崔浩。皇帝说:“各位将领在约定的期限后才到,以致敌贼远去无法击杀,罪过在各位将领,怎么在崔浩身上呢?”后来刘洁更改诏书上的日期的事被揭发出来,当皇帝到五原时,就把刘洁幽禁起来。

太武帝这次出征时,刘洁曾私下对他的亲信说:“如果这次出师不利,太武帝不能回来,我应当立为乐平王。”刘洁又向右丞张嵩询问谶书,他问:“刘氏应当统治天下,以继魏国,不知有我名姓没有?”张嵩回答说:“有姓而无名。”(皇上)于是穷追查证,搜查张嵩的家,找到了那本谶书。刘洁和南康公秋邻、张嵩等都被夷灭三族,死的有一百多人。刘洁身居要职,朝廷内外都怕他,对他侧目而视。刘洁的家被抄没,抄出家产巨万。太武帝十分后悔和气愤,每次说起刘洁便咬牙切齿。

完形填空
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life."_26_ teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily _27_.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for_28_friendship to _29_. However, there can be_30_disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered very important, but we need to have it clear in our _31_ what kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or _32_ at arm's length? Do we want to _33_ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are _34_enough—and that' s all right. But at some point we need to 35 that our expectations are the same as our friends' expectations. The sharing of_36_experience _37_ our tears as well as our dark dreams is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it _38_be undertaken(进行) slowly and carried on only if there are _39_of interest and action in return.
  What are some of the _40_of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships _41_time. Another “major difficulty" is the selfishness to think one “possesses" the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships _42_ actions in return. In 43 words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend _44_time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die _45_.
小题1:
A.Knowledge B.TeachersC.Experience D.Parents
小题2:
A.understoodB.formed C.realizedD.produced
小题3:
A.true B.common C.deeply D.actual
小题4:
A.design B.intend C.developD.appear
小题5:
A.no B.some C.anyD.none
小题6:
A.hearts B.thoughts C.actions D.minds
小题7:
A.remained B.left C.kept D.stayed
小题8:
A.ownB.owe C.ShareD.spare
小题9:
A.that B.very C.quite D.not
小题10:
A.make sure B.remember C.expect D.check out
小题11:
A.social B.ordinaryC.good D.personal
小题12:
A.includes B.to include C.including D.included
小题13:
A.can B.need C.will D.must
小题14:
A.marks B.sights C.senceD.signs
小题15:
A.difficulties B.differences C.advantages D.things
小题16:
A.cost B.spend C.ask D.take
小题17:
A.require B.requestC.depend D.suggest
小题18:
A.some B.many C.other D.different
小题19:
A.reasonable B.comfortable C.less D.a lot
小题20:
A.for B.away C.out D.from
单项选择题