问题 阅读理解

Although similar in appearance to hyenas(土狼), African wild dogs are nevertheless true wild canine(犬). They are a mixture of black, yellow, and white in such a wide variety of patterns that no two individuals look exactly alike. African wild dogs are widely distributed across the African plains but they do not live in jungle areas.

They are social animals, living in groups of usually from 2 to 45 individuals. A hierarchy(统团) exists within the group,  but the animals are friendly to one another. The young and the infirm(体弱的) are given special privileges within the group.

African wild dogs use their sense of sight, not smell, to find their prey. They can run up to 55 km/h for several kilometers. In eastern Africa, they mostly hunt Thomson's gazelles, but they will also attack calves, warthogs, zebras, impalas, and the young of large antelopes such as the gnu.

Growing human populations have decreased or degraded the African wild dog's habitat and also diminished their available prey. Road kill and human persecution(迫害) have also had a negative impact on African wild dog populations. This species is also susceptible to a variety of diseases such as distemper, which is controlled in domestic .dogs. Conservation of the African wild dog's natural habitat must have the highest priority, as these dogs suffer in habitats modified by human intrusion(干扰).

小题1:What does the underlined word "susceptible" mean?

A.easily affected or suffered

B.badly doubtful

C.seriously harmful

D.highly dangerous小题2:What factors affect the population of the wild dogs?

a. the distribution of the dogs                  b. social living

c. highly increasing human populations          d. human's killing the dogs

e. many diseases                           f. the changes of their habitats

g. domestic dogs                            h. food reduction

A.a. b, c, d, e

B.b, c, d, e, f

C.c, d, e, f, h

D.d, e, f, g, h小题3:From the passage we can conclude that_______.

A.African wild dogs are completely different from domestic dogs in size, weight

B.African wild dogs are living in groups

C.African wild dogs use their eyes mostly when sleeping to guard

D.African wild dogs use their noses to find their food in most cases小题4:What can we know about African wild dogs?

A.In a pack there may be about 90 wild dogs and no leader.

B.There are no such wild dogs that are different.

C.African wild dogs can run at a speed of about 15 m/s for a long distance.

D.All African wild dogs kill zebras, impalas, and antelopes as their food.小题5: What can we infer from the passage?

A.African wild dogs are not in danger, because there are such a wide variety of patterns.

B.African wild dogs are not in danger, because are widely distributed across the African plains.

C.African wild dogs are in danger, because human's activities have a great effect on them.

D.African wild dogs are in danger, because their habitats have been changed much.

答案

小题1:A

小题2:C

小题3:B

小题4:C

小题5:D

题目分析:文章介绍非洲野狗的生活习性,和现在非洲野狗的数量不断减少的原因。

小题1:猜词题:从文章最后一段的句子:This species is also susceptible to a variety of diseases such as distemper,可知这个物种也容易手各种各样疾病的感染,"susceptible" 是很容易受影响/得病的意思,选A

小题2:细节题:从文章最后一段的句子:可知影响野狗的数量的是:人类数量的增加,人类的杀戮,很多疾病,居住地的改变,食物的减少,选C。

小题3:推理题:从文章第二段的句子:They are social animals, living in groups of usually from 2 to 45 individuals.可知非洲的狗是群居的,选B

小题4:细节题:从文章第三段的句子:They can run up to 55 km/h for several kilometers.可知非洲的狗可以以每小时15英里的速度跑很长时间。选C

小题5:推理题:从文章的句子:可以推断出非洲的野狗处于危险之中,因为它们的栖息地已经发生了很大的变化。选D。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的说明文,回答后面的问题。

最佳饮料——白开水

  ①随着生活水平的提高,各种各样的饮料走进了人们的生活。喝矿泉水、纯净水已是普遍现象。喝雪碧、可乐成了一种时尚,各种名目繁多的功能饮料更是赢得了青少年的青睐,而饮用白开水的人却越来越少。其实,从科学角度来看,任何其他的饮料都无法取代白开水。

  ②众所周知,水是维持人体正常生理活动所必需的物质,只有保证机体有足够的水分,体内产生的废物才能及时地通过肾脏排出体外。从医学角度上讲,任何饮料都不如白开水对生理健康有价值。白开水最容易解渴,有调节体温、输送养分及清洁身体内部的功能。而且,白开水具有较强的生物活性,对于促进细胞新陈代谢、能量转换、血液循环和维持电解质平衡,都大有益处。白开水不含卡路里,在进入人体后,很容易透过细胞膜,增加血液中血红蛋白含量,增强人体自身免疫功能,提高机体抗病能力。因此,白开水实在是人体最需要的天然“饮料”。

  ③白开水是由自来水煮沸而来的,其主要成分是水,其中还包含多种矿物质和一些人体需要量极少的微量元素。如钠、钾、钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、铅、氟、碘和硒等。矿物质和微量元素是人体必需的营养素,不能缺乏,但也不能过多。自来水所含的矿物质为矿泉水的1/10,又是纯净水的10倍。矿泉水的矿化度一般为200-300毫升/升,自来水为20-30毫升/升,而纯净水只有2-3毫升/升。有关研究表明,自来水中的矿物质和微量元素的含量对人体来说是最适宜的。

  ④其他的饮料所含糖分和热量一般都偏高,食欲旺盛且过量饮用的人,往往会因糖分和热量摄入过多引起肥胖,食欲不振的人则由于饮料影响正餐,可能导致热量摄入不足而渐趋瘦弱。饮料中的果糖会阻止人体对铜的吸收,引起贫血等病症。饮料中的人工色素、防腐剂在体内蓄积,会干扰多种酶的功能,引起消化不良。再者。饮料中的大量电解质不容易很快从胃肠排空,而是较长时间存在于胃肠内,影响消化吸收,降低食欲。同时还加重了肾脏的负担。另外,通过蒸馏和逆渗透技术加以净化后的纯净水会失去如镁、锌、铁、硒、碘等对人体有益的矿物质,长期饮用纯净水,人体便会缺少某些必要的元素而造成营养失衡,这对处于生长期的青少年来说尤为不利。

  ⑤那么,如何科学地饮用白开水呢?首先要注意喝水时间。饭前饭后半小时和餐中都不宜大量饮水,以免冲淡唾液、胃液,导致消化不良;最好在两顿饭中间适量饮用。其次要掌握喝水的量。成人每天需500~3000毫升,要一次性将一整杯水喝完,这样有利于身体真正吸收;最好每隔l~2小时喝一杯,不要等到有口渴感觉时才饮水。再者要喝新鲜开水。饮用水储存时间不宜过长,否则其中的亚硝酸盐含量就会上升,可转换为有致癌作用的亚硝胺。将水加热到100℃并持续沸腾3分钟,等降温到30℃以下后最适合安全饮用。而生水、不开的水、重新煮开的水、千滚水(反复煮沸的水)、蒸锅水(蒸馒头等的剩锅水)和老化水(长时间贮存不动的水)等,是绝对不可饮用的。

1.为什么说白开水是生活中的最佳饮料?

                                 

2.第③段中画线句子运用了什么说明方法?有什么作用?

                                 

3.第④段中“其他的饮料所含糖分和热量一般都偏高”一句中的“一般”能否去掉?为什么?

                                 

4.下列说法,符合文意的一项是( )

A.只要保证机体有足够的水分,体内产生的废物就能通过肾脏排出体外。

B.从科学角度来看,其他的饮料都无法取代白开水。

C.食欲旺盛且过量饮用其他饮料的人,一定会因糖分和热量摄入过多引起肥胖。

D.饭前饭后半小时和餐中都不宜饮水,以免冲淡唾液、胃液,导致消化不良。

名词解释