问题 多选题

在如图所示的电路中,电源两端电压保持不变,R1=2R3,当开关S1、S2都闭合时,电压表V1、V2的示数之比为5:3,则(  )

A.R1与R2电阻比为2:3

B.S1闭合、S2断开时,电压表V1、V2的示数之比3:2

C.S1、S2都闭合与S1闭合、S2断开时电路中电流之比为5:6

D.S1、S2都闭合与S1闭合、S2断开时R1消耗功率之比为6:5

答案

(1)开关S1、S2都闭合时,电阻R1与R2串联,电压表V1测电阻R1与R2的串联电压,电压表V2测电阻R2的电压,

UV1
UV2
=
I(R1+R2
IR2
=
R1+R2
R2
=
5
3
,则
R1
R2
=
2
3
,故A正确;R2=
3
2
R1,电路电流I=
U
R1+R2
=
U
R1+
3
2
R
1
=
2U
5R1
   ①,

电阻R1的功率P1=I2R1=(

2U
5R1
2R1=
4U2
25R1
   ③.

(2)S1闭合、S2断开时,电阻R1、R2、R3串联,电压表V1测电阻R1、R2、R3的串联电压,电压表V2测电阻R2与R3的串联电压,电压表V1、V2的示数之比为

U′V1
U′V2
=
I′(R1+R2+R3)  
I′( R2+R3)
=
R1+
3
2
R
1
+
1
2
R
1
3
2
R1+
1
2
R
1
=
3
2
,故B正确;

电路电流I′=

U
R1+R2+R3
=
U
R1+
3
2
R1+
1
2
R1
=
U
3R1
   ②;

电阻R1功率P′1=I′2R1=(

U
3R1
2R1=
U2
9R1
  ④.

(3)由①②得:

I
I′
=
2U
5R1
U
3R1
=
6
5
,故C错误;由③④得:
P1
P′1
=
4U2
25R1
U2
9R1
=
36
25
,故D错误.

故选AB.

单项选择题
单项选择题