问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的古文,完成下列小题。(每小题3分,共15分)

欧阳修四岁而孤,母郑,守节自誓,亲诲之学,家贫,至以荻画地学书。幼敏悟过人,读书辄成诵。及冠,嶷然有声。宋兴且百年,而文章体裁,犹仍五季余习,镂刻骈偶,淟涊弗振。士因陋守旧,论卑气弱。苏舜元、舜钦、柳开、穆修辈,咸有意作而张之,而力不足。修游随,得唐韩愈遗稿于废簏中,读而心慕焉。苦志探赜,至忘寝食,必欲并辔绝驰而追与之并。举进士,试南宫第一,擢甲科。调西京推官。始与尹洙游,为古文,议论当世事,迭相师友。与梅尧臣游,为歌诗相倡和,遂以文章名冠天下。知嘉祐二年贡举。时士子尚为险怪奇涩之文,号“太学体”,修痛排抑之,凡如是者辄黜。毕事,向之嚣薄者伺修出,聚噪于马首,街逻不能制;然场屋之习,从是遂变。为文天才自然,丰约中度。其言简而明,信而通,引物连类,折之于至理,以服人心。超然独骛,众莫能及,故天下翕然师尊之。奖掖后进,如恐不及;赏识之下,率为闻人。曾巩、王安石、苏洵、洵子轼辙,布衣屏处,未为人知,修即游其声誉,谓必显于世。奉诏修《唐书》纪、志、表,自撰《五代史记》,法严词,多取《春秋》遗旨。苏轼叙其文曰:“论大道似韩愈,论事似陆贽,记事似司马迁,诗赋似李白。”识者以为知言

[注]①嶷(yí)然:超绝的样子。②淟涊(tiǎn  niǎn):污浊。③赜(zé):精微。

小题1:解释下列句子中加点的词,不正确的一项是( )

A.及,嶷然有声冠:弱冠,指成年

B.文章体裁,犹仍五季余习体裁:文学作品的样式,如小说、散文等

C.为歌诗相倡和倡和:同“唱和”,应和酬答

D.法严词约:简约小题2:下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )

A. 咸有意作而张之,力不足   门虽设常关

B. 遂文章名冠天下         谨拜表

c. 向嚣薄者伺修出           二虫又何知

D. 修即游声誉               正色邪?其远而无所至极邪?

小题3:下列各句括号中补出的省略成分,不正确的一项是( )

A.(欧阳修)读书辄成诵

B.街逻不能制(聚集于马前起哄的人)

C.谓(苏轼)必显于世

D.识者以(苏轼的评价)为知言小题4:下列句子分别编为四组,全都能表现欧阳修为“北宋诗 * * 新运动领袖”的一组是( )  

①苦志探赜,至忘寝食

②为古文,议论当世事,以文章名冠天下

③修痛排抑之,凡如是者辄黜

④聚噪于马首,街逻不能制

⑤曾巩……布衣屏处,未为人知,修即游其声誉

⑥奉诏修《唐书》纪、志、表

A.①②⑤

B.③④⑥

C.②③⑤

D.③⑤⑥小题5:下列对原文的理解、分析和概括,不正确的一项是( )

A.欧阳修能以文章名冠天下,主要得力于研读名家名篇,并以此作为自己追求奋斗的目标,还得力于和当世诗文名家的交游切磋。

B.欧阳修极力提倡韩愈式古文,反对五代以来只追求形式美的污浊文风;又运用自己的权力,大力排抑“太学体”险怪奇涩的文风。

C.欧阳修以文章独步天下,并在文坛上反对颓败风气,推崇充实向上的文风,受到天下文章家的拥戴,成为当之无愧的北宋文坛领袖。

D.欧阳修慧眼识才,奖掖后进。曾巩、王安石等人,原来都寂无声名,经欧阳修亲自选拔、教授,后来都成为知名的古文家。

答案

小题1:B

小题1:A

小题1:C

小题1:C

小题1:D

附:文言文参考译文

欧阳修四岁的时候,父亲就去世了,母亲郑氏,发誓严守节操,不肯改嫁,亲自教他学习;家里贫穷,以致用芦苇画地来学习写字。他自幼思维敏捷,颖悟过人,读书往往能背诵下来。刚刚成年,就出类拔萃,卓有名声。宋朝建国将近百年,为文的风格还沿袭五代的积习,着意在骈俪词藻上下功夫,内容却空乏污浊无振作之气。士人习惯于旧时的陋习,持论卑下而无力。苏舜元、苏舜钦、柳开、穆修等人,都有意振作和发扬它,但力度不够。欧阳修到随州游学,在一个竹箱中找到唐代韩愈的手稿,读后内心仰慕。于是就苦心探究它的精微,甚至废寝忘食,决心要追随他,同他并驾齐驱。进士科考试时,他名列南宫第一,被选入甲科。后来调任西京推官。开始与尹洙交往,写作古文,议论当代实事,相互称为师友。又与梅尧臣交游,创作诗歌相互酬答,于是以文章而名满天下。嘉祐二年主持科举考试。当时的读书人推崇险怪艰涩的文章,号称“太学体”,欧阳修极力排斥它,凡是这样的文章就废弃它。考试后,先前那些推崇险怪艰涩文章的人等欧阳修出门,就在他的马前群聚鼓噪,连街上的巡查人员都不能制止;但科举考试的风气从此大为转变。欧阳修写文章自然天成,丰满和简约都合乎规范。语言简洁而明了,信实而通畅,引征事物联系同类,用最正确的理论调理贯通,使人心悦诚服。终至独步天下,没有人能企及,所以天下人一致学习并尊重他。他奖励提拔年轻人,如恐担心他们赶不上自己;得到他赏识的人,都成为著名的人才。曾巩,王安石,苏洵,苏洵之子苏轼、苏辙,原来都是普通百姓,居于民间,不为人知,欧阳修各处宣扬他们的声誉,认为他们一定会名显于世。后欧阳修奉帝命编写《唐书》中的纪、志、表,自己撰写《五代史记》,章法严谨,言辞简约,大都采取了《春秋》遗留的要旨。苏轼介绍他的文章时说:“议论大的道理有如韩愈,评论具体事物很像陆贽,记事则如同司马迁,而写诗作赋又和李白相似。”了解他的人都认为这是知者之言。

单项选择题

In ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安乐死) generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary (自愿) ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided.

Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply is also considered passive.

A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process. Who decides whether a patient is to die This issue has not been solved legally in the United States. The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient’s relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newborn infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy of life".In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.

A terminally ill patient is one who ().

A. gets worse every day

B. can never get well again

C. is very seriously ill in the end

D. is too ill to want to live on

单项选择题