问题 问答题

科学家设想在未来的航天事业中用太阳帆来加速星际宇宙飞船,按照近代光的粒子说,光由光子组成,飞船在太空张开太阳帆,使太阳光垂直射到太阳帆上,太阳帆面积为S,太阳帆对光的反射率为100%,设太阳帆上每单位面积接受太阳光的辐射功率为P(即单位时间t0内有Pt0的光能到达).已知每个光子动量为

c
(式中h为普朗克恒量;γ为光频率;c为光速),则:

(1)若飞船总质量为m,求飞船加速度的表达式.

(2)如果太阳帆对阳光一面是黑色,可以完全吸收太阳光,则飞船加速度表达式又是怎样的?

答案

(1)设单位时间t0内射到太阳帆上的光子数为n,太阳帆受到光子的作用力为F,根据动量定理可得:Ft0=2n

c

n=

PSt0

由牛顿第二定律得a=

F
m

由①②③式解得a=

2PS
mc

(2)同理可知F′t0=n

c

a=

F′
m
=
pS
mc

答:(1)飞船加速度的表达式为

2PS
mc

(2)飞船加速度表达式为

pS
mc

单项选择题
单项选择题

E


Long ago there lived in the mountains a small dragon named Marvin. Like all the other dragons, Marvin had hard skin, a long tail, wings for flying, and a breath of fire. However, Marvin was different from the others. He was friendly like a dog and smart like an elephant.
Three large dragons, Bord ,Brun ,and Barg, delighted in scaring and teasing(戏弄) the other animals on the mountain. One day a goat got lost and came to a place where Bord, Brun, and Barg were sitting. The dragons surrounded the goat and began to tease it. They breathed fire at it and burned its wool. They hit it with their long tails. The scared goat was desperate(拼命) to get away from the three large dragons.
Marvin was flying overhead. He saw what the dragons were doing and landed on a cliff above them. "Excuse me!" Marvin shouted clown to the dragons. "Which of you is the pest dragon"
"The old man with magical powers who lives on the other side of the mountain wants to find the pest dragon, "answered Marvin. "So which of you is the pest"
"I am!" Shouted Bord, and he lifted up a huge rock over his head. He swayed under the weight of the rock but held it p.
"I am!" Shouted Brun, and he grabbed the tops of two trees. He bent them towards each other so the tops touched and held them p.
"I am! "shouted Barg, and he drank all the water out of the mountain lake. His stomach swelled like a balloon, but he held the water p.
As the three dragons showed their strength, Marvin flew down to the goat and gently picked it up. "Come now, small one," Marvin said to the goat. "Let us go quickly to the old man and tell him that we have found the three pest dragons in all the land!\

Form what point of view(角度)is the story told( )

A.Marvin.

B.The goat.

C.A storyteller who is a character in the story.

D.A storyteller who is not a character in the story.