问题 阅读理解与欣赏

文言文(共19分,选择题每小题3分,翻译10分)

张良奇遇

良尝闲从容步游下邳圯上,有一老父,衣褐,至良所,直堕其履圯下,顾谓良曰:“孺子!下取履!”良鄂然,欲殴之。为其老,强忍,下取履。父曰:“履我!”良业为取履,因长跪履之。父以足受,笑而去。良殊大惊,随目之。父去里所,复还,曰:“孺子可教矣!后五日平明,与我会此。”良因怪之,跪曰:“诺。”

五日平明,良往。父已先在,怒曰:“与老人期,后,何也?”去,曰:“后五日早会。”

五日鸡鸣,良往。父又先在,复怒曰:“后,何也?”去,曰:“后五日复早来。”  

五日,良夜未半往。有顷,父亦来,喜曰:“当如是。”出一编书,曰:“读此则为王者师矣。后十年兴,十三年孺子见我济北,榖城下黄石即我矣。”遂去,无他言。不复见。  

旦日视其书,乃《太公兵法》也。良因异之,常习诵读之。  

小题1:下列加点的词语注音或解释有误的一项是( )  

A.有一老父,衣褐(hè,粗布短衣)

B.孺子(rúzǐ,孩子,年轻人)

C.强忍(qiáng,勉强)

D.长跪履之(lǚ鞋子。这里作动词用,替老人穿鞋)小题2:下列加点的词解释错误的一项是( )  

A.有一老父,衣褐(名词作动词用,穿)

B.良尝闲从容步游下邳圯上(名词作状语,修饰“游”)

C.良殊大惊,随目之(名词作动词用,看)

D.良因怪之,跪曰:“诺。”(名词作动词用,怪异)小题3:下列对文意理解错误的一项是( )    

A.黄石老人走到张良跟前时,鞋子掉到了桥下。老人是故意这样做的。

B.老人把鞋子掉下桥去,又要张良下去取回来。张良认为这是在戏弄他,很生气,几乎要动手打老人。

C.张良因为看到老人年纪大,只好强忍着走下桥去取鞋。

D.为了得到那本《太公兵法》,张良按照老人的话,一连三天早早地来见老人,而且一天比一天来得早,以此来表示白己的诚心。小题4:翻译下列句子( 10分,每小题5分)

(1)非其身之所种则不食,非其夫人之所织则不衣。十年不收于国,民俱有三年之食。

译文:________________________________________________________

(2)越国以鄙远,君知其难也。焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚,君之薄也。

译文:________________________________________________________

答案

小题1:C

小题2:D

小题3:D

小题4:

(1)不是他(自己)种出来的东西就决不吃,不是他妻子织的布就不穿。十年不向百姓征收赋税,百姓中每家都储存了三年的口粮。(5分)

(2)越过别国而把远地当做边邑,你知道这是困难的。为什么要灭掉郑国而给邻国增加土地呢?(5分)

小题1:

小题2:

译文:张良在下邳常闲下里到桥上散步。有一次,一老翁穿深色衣,走到张良面前,忽然堕落鞋子桥下,对张良说:“孩子,下去给我捡鞋。”张良惊讶,想揍他,又一想他是老人,勉强忍住气,下桥取鞋。老人又说:“替我穿上鞋。”张良取鞋跪着替老人穿上。老人伸脚让张良穿上鞋,面露笑容扬长而去。张良奇怪,用目光注视他离去。老人走出约一里许又转回来,对张良说:“孩子,你可以培养了。过五天一早,我们在此见面。”张良惊讶,跪下对老人说:“遵命”。过五天一早,张良去约会,老人先到,老人不高兴地发怒说:“你与年长者约会,怎可迟到?”老人又交代:“再过五天,一早会面。”过了五天,鸡叫时张良去,老人又先到。老人再次发怒说:“你为何又迟到?”交代:“再过五天,一早来会面。”过五天,张良夜半就去,过了一些时间老人来了。老人高兴地说:“应当这样。”于是给出一本书交给张良,说:“你把这本书读熟会用,就可以当帝王的老师了。今后十年,你的事业兴盛,十三年你在济北见到我,谷城山下的黄石就是我。”说完,飘然而去,不再见面。天亮时,张良看这书是《太公兵法》,张良重视这本书,常反复诵读。

阅读理解

An early invention by Albert Einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at Oxford University. They are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.

We all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. They work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called Freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.

Now Malcolm McCulloch, an electrical engineer at Oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.

His team has completed a prototype (样机) of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein. It used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. The design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (压缩机) became popular in the 1950s. That meant a switch to using Freon.

Einstein's idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.

"If you go to the top of Mount Qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when you're at sea level and that's because the pressure is much lower up there," said McCulloch.At one side is the evaporator (蒸发器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. "If you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so," says McCulloch. "That's what makes it cold."

The gas fridges based on Einstein's design were replaced by Freon-compressor fridges partly because Einstein's design was not very efficient. But McCulloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻两番) the efficiency.

However, McCulloch's fridge is still in its early stages. "It's very much a prototype," he said. "Give us another month and we'll have it working."

小题1: According to the passage, an early invention by Albert Einstein _______.

A.has been rediscovered because it costs much less and works more efficiently

B.is being redesigned because it could be used in places without electricity

C.has just been found to be energy-saving and environmentally friendly

D.will be fully made use of and become the fridge of the future小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Freon was used in fridges long before the 1950s.

B.Freon is what makes current fridges big polluters.

C.McCulloch thinks he could improve Einstein's design by using other types of vapors.

D.The fridge Malcolm McCulloch and his team designed will be put into production soon.小题3:We can learn from the text that the prototype completed _______.

A.changed the air pressure around it

B.was tested on the top of Mount Everest

C.increased the liquid boiling temperature

D.used only pressurized gases to keep things cold小题4:McCulloch's words in Paragraph 6 _____.

A.serve as an explanation for the principle behind Einstein's fridge

B.give you the reason why Einstein's fridge was not efficient

C.tell you how to take advantage of low air pressure

D.show you how Einstein's fridge works

判断题