问题 问答题

甲、乙银行签订借款合同,双方约定:借款金额为100万元,借款期限自2006年 5月起至2006年11月止。甲同时提供自己的一幢房屋作为抵押,双方另行于6月签订抵押合同,并于7月办理了抵押登记。同时,丙为甲的借款提供全额连带保证责任。8月,甲将房屋出卖给戊,但并未告知该房屋已经抵押的情况,该房屋出卖后也未办理登记过户手续。后甲到期没有清偿银行借款,乙银行诉至法院。经查,甲的配偶丁对甲借款、抵押以及出售房屋的事情都不知情。 问: (1)如何认定甲、乙银行之间签订的借款合同的效力为什么 (2)甲、乙银行之间签订的抵押合同是否生效为什么 (3)乙银行能否取得对房屋的抵押权为什么 (4)如果乙银行欲实现抵押权或要求保证人丙承担连带保证责任,乙银行应该如何行使上述权利为什么 (5)如何确认甲将房屋转让给戊的效力为什么

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解析:甲、乙银行之间签订的借款合同为有效合同。 根据《合同法》的规定,签订合同的双方主体合格、意思表示真实、不违反法律或社会公共利益,即为有效合同,故借款合同为有效合同。 (2)甲、乙银行签订的抵押合同为效力未定合同。 首先,根据《物权法》的有关规定,对于共同共有关系的,共有人擅自处分共有物,须经共有人的一致同意。 其次,根据《合同法》的规定,无处分权人处分他人财产而订立合同的,该合同处于效力未定状态。 本案中,甲、丁系夫妻关系,夫妻财产属于共同共有财产,甲未经丁的同意便擅自处分共有财产,故甲在房屋上设定抵押权的行为系无权处分行为,而因无权处分订立的合同为效力未定合同,故甲、乙银行之间签订的合同为效力未定合同。该合同经丁的追认方能有效,如果丁拒绝追认,则该抵押权合同无效。 (3)乙银行能够取得房屋的抵押权。 根据《物权法》的规定,善意取得适用于不动产;善意取得不仅适用于取得所有权的情形,而且适用于取得抵押权、质权等其他权利的情形。 本案中,乙银行对甲所售房屋的事实并不知晓,系善意,且该房屋作为不动产已经办理登记,故符合善意取得的行使条件,因此,该设定抵押权的行为有效。 (4)乙银行应先就甲提供的房屋行使抵押权,如果房屋价值不足以弥补乙银行损失的,有权要求丙承担连带保证责任。 根据《物权法》的规定,在抵押权和保证竞合的情况下,当事人有约定的按照约定,没有约定的,债权人应先就债务人提供的抵押物行使权利,然后才能要求第三人承担保证责任。 本案中,当事人之间对于如何承担担保责任并未约定,故应当由乙银行先行使抵押权,然后再要求丙承担保证责任。 (5)甲将房屋转让给戊的行为无效。 根据《物权法》的规定,抵押期间,抵押权人未经抵押权人同意,不得转让抵押财产。 本案中,甲转让抵押财产并未经抵押权人乙银行的同意,因此,该转让行为无效。

阅读理解

Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.

Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.

But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."

Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.

But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."

小题1:According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap         .

A.helps children to gain weight

B.leads children to work harder

C.improves children’s memories

D.affects children’s regular studies小题2:Compared to traditional schools, students in the year-round ones          .

A.perform better and have more learning gains

B.have much less time for relaxation every year

C.have generally the same number of class days

D.hold more classes with more free weeks off小题3:Which of the following statements is true?

A.Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation.

B.Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap.

C.There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar.

D.Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation.小题4:Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?

A.They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much.

B.They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”.

C.They want their children to be forced to make up the gap.

D.They can’t afford to the further study during vacation.小题5:What would be the best title of this passage?

A.Opening Summer Camps

B.Forbidding Summer Schools

C.Spreading Year-Round Education

D.Minding the Summer Learning Cap

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