问题 解答题

下表是某人的尿液、原尿和血浆化验后得到的主要数据,请回答:

水分(%)蛋白质(%)葡萄糖(%)无机盐(%)尿素(%)
A液95~97001.82.0
B液99微量0.1O.90.03
C液90~927.00.10.9O.03
(1)A液是______,B液是______,C液是______.

(2)A液中不含有葡萄糖的原因是______.

答案

尿的形成过程主要包括肾小球的滤过作用、肾小管的重吸收作用两个过程:当血液流经肾小球时,除了血细胞和大分子的蛋白质外,血浆中的一部分水、无机盐、葡萄糖和尿素等物质,都可以经过肾小球滤过到肾小囊内,形成原尿;当原尿流经肾小管时,其中对人体有用的物质,包括大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分无机盐,被肾小管重新吸收,并且进入包绕在肾小管外面的毛细血管中,重新回到血液里,剩下的物质水、无机盐、尿素等形成尿液排出体外.

(1)根据肾小球的过滤特点不能过滤血细胞和大分子的蛋白质,因此原尿中没有大分子蛋白质,而血浆中有;根据肾小管的重吸收特点,能吸收全部葡萄糖,因此尿液中没有葡萄糖,而原尿中有.表格中A液体没有蛋白质,没有葡萄糖,因此是尿液;B液体蛋白质微量,有葡萄糖,表明B液体是原尿;C液体中有蛋白质有葡萄糖,因此C液体是血浆.

(2)A液中不含有葡萄糖的原因是原尿流经肾小管时,全部的葡萄糖被肾小管重新吸收回血液.如果某人A液中出现了葡萄糖,此人可能患有:糖尿病.胰岛素调节血糖的代谢,因此可以注射胰岛素治疗.

故答案为:

(1)尿液;原尿;血浆;

(2)肾小管重吸收全部葡萄糖

完形填空
完型填空。
     Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live
longer than they   1  .Yet, all living things still show the   2  of aging, which will eventually    3  death.    
     Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the    3  
they form do not function as well as they    5  in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less    6  against disease and is more   7  to have an accident.
     A number of related causes may   8   to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they
are not   9   when they die. As a person ages,    10  of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.   11   body
cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the   12   cells may not be as workable or as
capable   13   growth as those of a young person.
     Another   14   in aging may be changes within the cells    15  . Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known   16   with age and become less elastic (有弹性). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and
  17  . This is also the reason why old people   18   in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and   19   information
that the cells need. Aging may affect this   20   and change the informationcarrying molecules so that they
do not transmit the information as well.
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( )17.A.hangs loose    
( )18.A.increase      
( )19.A.pass away      
( )20.A.improvement    
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B.feet              
B.has done          
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B.the amount        
B.Others            
B.left              
B.for              
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B.of themselves    
B.to have changed  
B.hangs loosely    
B.shrink            
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C.used to          
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