问题 问答题 案例分析题

在幼儿园中,教师要学会与幼儿沟通。比如,要熟记每个幼儿的名字,这样幼儿会感到非常亲切,会对教师的话作出积极反应;说话的语速和语调要恰当,要能引发幼儿的好奇心;与幼儿交谈时,语言要简单明确,容易被幼儿接受;说话的态度要友善,比如:“我很喜欢听到你的描述,相信每位小朋友都会喜欢。”“你这一次比上一次说得更清楚了。”在交流的时候,教师还要注意与幼儿的目光接触,要耐心倾听幼儿的谈话,作出积极反馈。现实生活中,有的老师能灵活运用其交流技能,有的老师则因为与幼儿缺乏有效沟通而苦恼。

请你从幼儿教师需要具备的能力出发,谈谈教师应如何与幼儿进行有效的沟通。

答案

参考答案:

从材料可以看出,幼儿教师要实现与幼儿的有效沟通,需要具备相应的知识与能力,包括教育学、心理学、生理学等知识,以及观察力、沟通力、组织小组活动、指导游戏、指导幼儿行为、评价教育活动等的能力。其中,沟通能力在幼儿教育过程中尤为重要。 

教师与幼儿的沟通主要有两个方面,即非言语沟通与言语沟通。 

(1)非言语沟通包括教师通过微笑、点头、抚摸、蹲下与幼儿交流等。教师与幼儿的身体接触有利于安抚幼儿的情绪,让幼儿消除紧张,感到温暖和安全。教师可以参与到幼儿的活动中,对幼儿的情感和感受获得真实的体验。 

(2)言语沟通是指教师和幼儿直接交谈。个别或小组中的交谈是幼儿分享情感、心灵交汇的重要途径。

它需要教师在抓住机会、选择话题、引发和延续谈话、激发和幼儿谈话的兴趣和积极性等环节上,具有灵活机智的策略和丰富的经验技巧。教师与幼儿之间平等地、民主地交流,并且是面向全体幼儿,这样有利于取得较好的效果。 

幼儿教师要与幼儿实现有效的沟通,除教师要与幼儿平等交流以外,还需要掌握一些技能: 

(1)引发交谈的技能。教师要善于抓住时机、创造气氛,发现幼儿感兴趣的话题,将幼儿自然吸引过来。 

(2)倾听的技能。用恰当的言语或非言语方式热情地接纳和鼓励幼儿谈话、提问,让幼儿产生受到尊重的喜悦感和自信心。利用目光接触是比较好的积极反馈方式。 

(3)扩展谈话和结2-交谈的技能。教师要学会用幼儿理解的方式引导幼儿将谈话持续下去。同时,也要在适当时候结束谈话,让幼儿表现出满足感。 

(4)面向全体,注意个体差异。针对不同语言能力的幼儿采取不同的内容、方式进行沟通,多鼓励、多倾听,有效刺激幼儿交谈。比如:“你这一次比上一次说得更清楚了。

计算题
单项选择题

A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information are common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no one notices the (5) .

(6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) .

White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especially (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) one’s pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments.

Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by street criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-collar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .

11()

A. Such as

B. For example

C. By the same token

D. To begin with