问题 选择题

关于电流方向,下列说法正确的是〔     〕

A.金属中自由电子定向移动形成电流,所以自由电子定向移动的方向就是电流的方向

B.在内、外电路中,电流都从电势高处流向电势低处

C.电阻率是反映材料导电能力的物理量,电阻率越大,导电能力越强

D.电阻率大的导体,电阻不一定大

答案

答案:D

题目分析:金属中只有自由电子可以定向移动,所以自由电子定向移动形成电流,但是电流的方向是规定为正电荷定向移动的方向选项A错。外电路由于电场力做功,电流从高电势流向低电势,但是内电路是非静电力做功,电流从低电势流向高电势,选项B错。电阻率是反映材料导电能力的物理量,电阻率越大,导电能力越弱选项C错。电阻的大小不仅和电阻率有关,还和导线的长度和横截面积有关,选项D对。

选择题
单项选择题

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.
Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.
It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

What is the author’s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example

A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.
B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious.
C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.
D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.