问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。

贺钦,字克恭,世家定海,父孟员,以戎籍隶辽义州卫。钦少颖敏,习举子业辄鄙之曰:“为学止于是耶?”取《近思录》读之,有省。成化二年以进士授户科给事中。因亢旱上章极谏,复以言官旷职召灾,自劾求退。会陈献章被征来京师,钦听其论学,叹曰:“至性不显,真理犹霾,世即用我,而我奚以为用?”即日上疏解官去,执弟子礼事献章。既别,肖其像事之。其学专读《五经》、《四书》、小学,期于反身实践,主敬以收放心。有来学者,辄辞之曰:“己尚未治,何以治人?”既而从游者甚众,磨砻淬厉,成其器业。如是者十余年,虽不出户庭,而官贵人闻风仰德者,莫不躬拜床下。 弘治改元,用阁臣荐,起为陕西右参议。玺书至而母适病死,乃上疏恳辞。正德四年,太监刘瑾括辽东田,东人震恐思乱。义州以守臣贪残变先发,聚从劫掠,顾相戒曰:“毋惊贺黄门。”钦闻之,往谕曰:“若等吾乡人也,今不幸至此,然吾窃为若等忧,镇城兵不即至耶,如之何?”众初汹汹,至是知悔,罗拜而泣呼曰:“吾父之,愿教之。”钦曰:“惟不杀人,祸可恨。守臣激变,民则无辜,能止杀以待命,尚不失为良民也。良民何畏焉?”未几,有言镇城军果至者,众复噪曰:“贺黄门无嫚语。”环跪钦里门。钦曰:“吾固知有是也。城中扰攘至此,镇城焉得不发兵?兵虽至,尔等不杀人,必宥尔,无恐。”众散去,乱遂定。时又有边将诈诱杀为阵获者,上官按之不得实,一见钦即惭伏地曰:“他人可欺,吾敢欺贺先生耶?”其至诚感人如此。 钦处家笃成谊,正伦理,厚姻成,睦宗党。冠婚丧祭一遵古礼,不根之言纤毫不入于耳,子姓必薰陶之以孝弟之义。日改月化,一乡人皆兴于善。里俗溺于异端,丧葬皆作佛事,啖酒肉,肆为奢僭,钦以身范之。晚更好《易》,究心象数,手不释卷,大臣荐引相属,终不起。少尝隐居医无闾山,因以医闾自号,人遂称为医闾先生。

(节选自清光绪五年《镇海县志》卷二十一《人物传二·明一》)

小题1:对下列句子中划线词的解释,不正确的一项是

A.习举子业辄之曰 鄙:以为羞耻。

B.自求退 劾:检举揭发。

C.必尔,无恐 宥:宽恕。

D.上官之不得实 按:查验。小题2:下列各句中,划线词意义和用法都相同的一组是

A.钦听论学 吾无意于人世矣

B.玺书至母适病死 盖将自其变者观之

C.义州守臣贪残变先发 但刘日薄西山

D.时又有边将诈诱杀阵获者 为国者无使积威之所劫哉小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是

A.贺钦做字,进德修业,尊师重道,传道授业,都坚持用高标准要求自己

B.贺钦处变不惊,机智策略地安抚变乱民众,化解矛盾,维护了社会安宁。

C.贺钦重视伦理道德,对家属亲戚、邻里乡党、民情风俗,都有教化和影响。

D.贺钦晚年好《易》不愿做官,因年轻时曾隐居学医,大家称他医闾先生。小题4:把第一部分文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语(10分)

(1)世即用我,而我奚以为用?(3分)

(2)既而从游者甚众,磨砻淬厉,成其器业。(3分)

(3)守臣激变,民则无辜,能止杀以待命,尚不失为良民也。(4分)

答案

小题1:A

小题2:C

小题3:D

小题4:(1)世间即使要用我,然而我拿什么为世间所用呢?

(2)不久,跟随他学习的人很多,磨练激励,成就他们的才能学识。

(3)地方官吏激起变乱,百姓就没有罪,能不杀戮而等待命令,还算得上是安分守法的百姓。

小题1:本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的意义的能力。根据上下文语境,都推测许曾裕应当为朝廷重用。鄙:轻视,看不起。

小题2:本题考查常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法。A项第一个“其”,代词,他;第二个“其”,恐怕、其实,副词。C项“以”都是连词,因为。B项第一个“而”,连词,但是;第二个“而”,连词,表承接。D项第一个“为”,动词,成为;第二个 “为”,介词,表被动;

小题3:考查了文言文阅读的二个考点:

小题4:本题考查理解并翻译文言句子的能力。(1) 即:即使。而:然而。奚:什么。 句式:而我奚以为用?要译出问句语气特点,宾语前置语序要恢复。重点词语翻译准确,语句通顺。(2) 既而:不久。从:跟随。器业:才能学识。(3)止:停止。尚:还算得上。译文:

完形填空
完形填空。
     The lady with the white fence (篱笆) taught me to leave the gale to life open... My husband died in an
accident and I became very angry. I hated being alone. One day, as I was  1  down a busy street, I suddenly
noticed a new fence around a house. I pulled off to really watch it. It was such a good  2  that I was deeply
touched. I could not send  3  away. The fence still smelled of fresh paint.
     "Hello!" I came up and said to a lady in the back garden,"I came to see the fence. It's so beautiful!"
     "Oh! The fence is not there for me," the lady explained to me in a calm voice,"I live alone.  4  so many
people pass by every day, and I think they may be pleased to see something really attractive.  5  stop like
you and come up to have a chat."
     "But weren't you sad when they expanded (拓宽) the road and everything changed so much?"
     "Change is part of life and takes part in  6  us who we are. When something we do not like happens to us,
we have two choices-to become a  7  person or to become a better person."
     Her reply changed my life. I carefully left the gate open and drove on  8  a new feeling inside me. I could
not tell  9  it was, but I could feel the thick stone wall around my angry heart breaking off. And  10  a pretty
white fence was built. I decided that I would keep the gate open for everything and everyone that came my
way.
( )1. A. walking
( )2. A. street
( )3. A. it    
( )4. A. But   
( )5. A. Few   
( )6. A. finding
( )7. A. fitter
( )8. A. with  
( )9. A. when  
( )10. A. beyond
B. riding
B. paint 
B. them  
B. Thus  
B. A few 
B. telling
B. bitter
B. for   
B. where 
B. once  
C. driving
C. house  
C. myself 
C. And    
C. Everyone
C. catching
C. smarter
C. to     
C. who    
C. instead
D. running  
D. job     
D. her     
D. As      
D. None    
D. making  
D. sweeter 
D. by      
D. what    
D. though                              
单项选择题