阅读理解。

     Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America

and Australia are mobile and very open, people here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result,

they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time. So it's normal to have friendly conversations

with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

      On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are

more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person will want to get to know you very well before he

or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much

deeper than it would in a mobile society.

     To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger

from a less mobile society put it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all

about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.

     Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All

flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different place to place. This can be

seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

     Some societies have "universalist" cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every

person and situation in basically the same way. "Particularist" societies, on the other hand, also have rules,

but they are less important than the society's unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular

situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the

importance of the person.

     This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a

flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage,

but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for

his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for

him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to

the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his

problem.

1. Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ____.

 A. like traveling better

B. easy to communicate with

C. difficult to make real friends

D. have a long-term relationship with their neighbors

2. A person from a less mobile society will feel it _____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or

    her, and asking him or her questions.

A. boring

B. friendly

C. normal

D. rough

3. In "particularist societies", ______.

A. they have no rules for people to obey

B. people obey the society's rules completely

C. no one obeys the society's rules though they have

D. the society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations

4. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules

    because of different ______.

A. interests

B. cultures

C. habits and customs

D. ways of life