问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,完成小题

辛卯秋,七月丙寅,始皇崩于沙丘平台。

初,始皇尊宠蒙氏,信任之。蒙恬任外将,蒙毅常居中参谋议,名为忠信,故虽诸将相莫敢与之争。赵高有罪,始皇使蒙毅治之,毅当高法应死。始皇以高敏于事,赦之,复其官。赵高既雅得幸于胡亥,又怨蒙氏,乃说胡亥,请诈以始皇命诛扶苏而立胡亥为太子。胡亥然其计。乃见丞相斯曰:“君侯材能、谋虑、功高、无怨、长子信之,此五者皆孰与蒙恬?”斯曰:“不及也。”高曰:“然则长子即位,必用蒙恬为丞相,君侯终不怀通侯之印归乡里,明矣!胡亥慈仁笃厚,可以为嗣,愿君审计而定之!”丞相斯以为然,乃相与谋,诈为受始皇诏,立胡亥为太子,更为书赐扶苏,数以不能辟地立功,士卒多耗,数上书,直言诽谤,日夜怨望不得罢归为太子; * * 恬不矫正,知其谋;皆赐死,以兵属裨将王离。

扶苏发书,即自杀。蒙恬不肯死,使者以属吏,系诸阳周;会蒙毅为始皇出祷山川,还至,乃系诸代。

二世欲诛蒙恬兄弟,子婴谏曰:“赵王迁杀李牧而用颜聚,齐王建杀其故世忠臣而用后胜,卒皆亡国。蒙氏,秦之大臣谋士也,而陛下欲一旦弃去之。诛杀忠臣而立无节行之人,是内使群臣不相信而外使斗士之意离去也!”二世弗听,遂杀蒙毅及内史恬。恬曰:“自吾先人及至子孙,积功信于秦三世矣。今臣将兵三十余万,身虽囚系,其势足以倍畔。然自知必死而守义者,不敢辱先人之教以不忘先帝也!”乃吞药自杀。

扬子 ①《法言》曰:或问:“蒙恬忠而被诛,忠奚可为也?”曰:“堑山,堙谷,起临洮,击辽水②,力不足而尸有余,忠不足相也,”

臣光③曰:始皇方毒天下而蒙恬为之使,恬不仁可知矣。然恬明于为人臣之义,虽无罪见诛,能守死不贰,斯亦足称之。

(选自《资治通鉴·秦始皇三十七年》)

【注】:①扬子,即扬雄。②指修长城。③光,即司马光。

小题1:对下列句子中划线的词语的解释,不正确的一项是 (    )(3分)

A.愿君审计而定之审计:仔细考虑

B.以兵属裨将王离裨将:副将

C.扶苏发书发书:打开诏书

D.诛杀忠臣而立无节行之人节行:节制行为小题2:下列句子分别编为四组,全部表明胡亥、赵高、李斯合谋陷害蒙氏兄弟直接原因的一项是(    )(3分)

①诸将相莫敢与之争     ②毅当高法应死     ③长子即位,必用蒙恬为丞相   ④ * * 恬不矫正,知其谋   ⑤其势足以倍畔     ⑥积功于秦三世矣

A.①②

B.②③

C.②⑥

D.④⑤小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是             (    )

A.蒙家三代忠信,为秦建立功业,为此蒙氏兄弟深得始皇的尊宠和信任,蒙恬在外统兵三十余万针守边关,蒙毅在内参与商议国事。

B.胡亥继位前慈仁笃厚,并能采纳赵高、李斯等人的正确意见;继位后却暴戾恣睢,拒绝子婴的善意劝谏,杀死蒙氏兄弟。

C.赵高心怀叵测,既诱引胡亥,又挑拨李斯,合谋陷害蒙氏兄弟,实属子婴所谓的“无节行之人”。

D.蒙恬自知必死却还奉守节义,于家不敢辱没祖先的教诲,可谓之“孝”;于君“不忘先帝的恩德”,可谓之“忠”。小题4:把阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)今臣将兵三十余万,身虽囚系,其势足以倍畔。(5分)

(2)虽无罪见诛,能守死不贰,斯亦足称之。 (5分)

答案

小题1:D

小题1:B

小题1:B

小题1:(1)如今我领兵三十多万,身子虽然被囚禁,但我的势力仍然足以进行反叛。

(2)虽然没有罪而被处死,仍能够宁死忠贞不渝,不生二心,这也还是很值得称道的啊。

小题1:节行:节操品行

小题1:要抓住赵高的“怨”和李斯感到的威胁这两点。①是说群臣诸将对蒙氏的畏惧,对象不对;④是赵高、李斯假造皇诏的话,不属原因;⑤⑥是蒙恬遭陷害后表白的话,自然不属直接原因

小题1:错误有二:一是“慈仁笃厚”是赵高的谄媚之词,二是赵高、李斯等人的篡位之策不能称这为“正确意见”

小题1:(1)“将” 译出“率领”1分,“囚系”译出被动句式1分,“倍”“畔”译出“反叛”1分,句意2分。(2)“见”译出“被”1分,“贰”译出“生二心”1分,“称”译出“称赞,称道”得1分,句意2分。

【参考译文】

辛卯秋季,七月,丙寅,始皇在沙丘宫平台驾崩。

当初,始皇尊重宠爱蒙氏兄弟,颇信任他们。蒙恬在外担任大将,蒙毅则在朝中参与商议国事,被称为忠信大臣,所以即使是高级将领或丞相,也没有人敢与他们一争高低。赵高犯下大罪,始皇派蒙毅惩治他,蒙毅认为赵高依法应判死罪。始皇因赵高办事灵活而赦免了他,并恢复了他的官职。赵高既然素来得到胡亥的宠幸,又怨恨蒙氏兄弟,就劝说胡亥,让他诈称以始皇遗诏之命杀掉扶苏,立胡亥为太子。胡亥认为他的计谋很好。赵高于是会见丞相李斯说:“你的才能、谋略、功勋、人缘以及扶苏对你的信任,这五点全部拿来与蒙恬相比,哪一点比得上他呢?”李斯回答说:“都比不上他。”赵高说:“既然如此.那么只要扶苏即位,就必定任用蒙恬为丞相,您最终不能怀揣通侯的印信返归故乡的结果已经是显而易见的了!胡亥仁慈忠厚,最可以担当皇位继承人.希望您仔细考虑一下并作出决定!”丞相李斯认为赵高说得很对,便与他共同谋划,诈称接受了始皇的遗诏,立胡亥为太子,又用始皇的名义给扶苏诏书,责备他多年来不能开辟疆土,创立功业,却使士卒大量伤亡,并且多次上书,直言诽谤父皇,日夜地抱怨不能获准解除监军职务,返回咸阳当太子; * * 蒙恬不纠正扶苏的过失,却参与扶苏的图谋;因此都让他们自杀,将兵权移交给副将王离。

扶苏打开诏书,随即自杀。蒙恬不肯死,使者便将他交给官吏治罪,囚禁在阳周;适逢蒙毅代替始皇外出祈祷山川神灵求福,返回,于是将他囚禁在代郡。

秦二世胡亥想要杀掉蒙恬兄弟二人。子婴规劝说:“赵王迁杀李牧而任用颜聚,齐王建杀死他前代的忠臣而任用后胜,最终都使国家灭亡。蒙氏兄弟,是秦国的重臣谋士,陛下却打算一下子就把他们除掉。诛杀忠臣而扶立节操品行不端的人,这只会导致对内失去群臣的信任,对外使将士意志涣散啊!”秦二世不听从劝告,于是就杀掉了蒙毅及内史蒙恬。蒙恬说:“我们蒙家自我的先人起直至子孙,在秦国建立功业和忠信已经三代了。如今我领兵三十多万,身子虽然被囚禁,但我的势力仍然足以进行反叛。可是我知道自己必定得死却还奉守节义,是因为我不敢辱没祖先的教诲,并表示我不忘先帝的大恩大德啊!”于是就吞服毒药自杀身亡。

扬雄《法言》说:有人问:“蒙恬赤胆忠心却被杀掉了,忠诚还有什么用呢?”回答说:“开山填谷修筑长城,西起临洮,东接辽水,威力不足而造成的死亡却有余,蒙恬的这种忠诚是不足以辅助君主的。”

臣司马光说:秦始皇正荼毒天下时,蒙恬甘受他的驱使,如此,蒙恬的不仁义是可知的。但是蒙恬明白人臣所应守的道义,虽然没有罪而被处死,仍能够宁死忠贞不渝,不生二心,这也还是很值得称道的啊。

阅读理解

It was my first day at school in London and I was half-excited and half-frightened. On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and rehearsed (practiced) all the answers: “I am nine years old. I was born here but I haven’t lived here since I was two. I was living in Farley. It’s about thirty miles away. I came back to London two months ago.” I also wondered if it was the custom for boys to fight strangers like me, but I was tall for my age. I hoped they would decide not to risk it.

No one took any notice of me before school. I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say “hello”, but no one spoke to me. When a teacher called my name and told me where my classroom was, one or two boys looked at me but that was all the curiosity my arrival aroused.

My teacher was called Mr Jones. There were 42 boys in the class, so I didn’t stand out there, either, until the first lesson of the afternoon. Mr Jones was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from David Copperfield, but first he asked several boys if they knew Dickens’ birthplace, but no one guessed right. A boy called Brian, the biggest in the class, said: “Timbuktu”, and Mr Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said: “Portsmouth”, and everyone stared at me because Mr Jones said I was right. This didn’t make me very popular, of course.

“He thinks he’s clever,” I heard Brian say.

After that, we went out to the playground to play football. I was in Brian’s team, and he obviously had Dickens in mind because he told me to go in goal. No one ever wanted to be the goalkeeper.

“He’s big enough and useless enough,” Brian said when someone asked him why he had chosen me.

I suppose Mr Jones remembered Dickens, too, because when the game was nearly over, Brian pushed one of the players on the other team, and he gave them a penalty. As the boy kicked the ball hard along the ground to my right, I threw myself down instinctively and saved it. All my team crowded round me. My bare knees were grazed and bleeding. Brian took out a handkerchief and offered it to me.

“Do you want to join my gang (team)?” he said.

At the end of the day, I was no longer a stranger.

51.The writer prepared to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT “________”.

A. How old are you?                                                        B. where are you from?

C. Do you want to join my gang?                                 D. When did you come back to London?

52.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. boys were usually unfriendly to new students   

B. the writer was not greeted as he expected

C. Brian praised the writer for his cleverness

D. the writer was glad to be a goalkeeper

53.The underlined part “I didn’t stand out” in paragraph 3 means that the writer was not ________.

A. noticeable                      B. welcome                         C. important                       D. outstanding

54.The writer was offered a handkerchief because ________.

A. he threw himself down and saved the goal         B. he pushed a player on the other team

C. he was beginning to be accepted                           D. he was no longer a new comer

单项选择题