问题 单项选择题

数据结构和算法设计的原则不包括()。

A.先设计全局的,再设计局部的

B.为避免侵权,不要选用社会上已有的传统算法

C.设计后需要进行测试,检查其是否满足性能要求

D.设计后常需要进一步优化

答案

参考答案:B

解析:本题考查软件工程方面的基础知识。软件需求确定后,就要进行软件设计,包括软件架构设计、数据结构设计、算法设计以及程序设计等。数据结构设计以及算法设计是软件设计中的重要环节。按照软件工程方法,应采取自顶向下逐步细化的设计方法,即先设计全局的,再设计局部的。在设计过程中始终要有全局观,要以全局的整体观指导各个局部的设计。软件工程还要求对所有的设计都要进行测试,尽可能查出错误,并纠正错误。以前的技术只能对源程序进行测试,现在的技术对框架设计、数据结构设计和处理流程设计等也能进行某种测试了。测试的目标就是满足设计要求,包括对功能、性能的要求。大型软件的设计十分复杂,除了测试排错之外,还经常需要优化。例如,考虑如何加快处理速度、节省存储量、提高响应时间、均衡网络负载、提高系统的安全性和可靠性等。设计的过程也是逐步优化的过程。在设计算法时,首先需要根据实际需要选用合适的好的算法。软件著作权保护并不包括算法。利用某种算法产生的程序成果是可以保护的。好的算法需要推广使用,否则不利于技术的发展。

阅读理解

In America, when people say“man's best friend”, they don't mean another person. Instead, they are talking about a lovely animal—a dog! These words show the friendship(友谊) between people and animals. Dogs and other pets can give joy to people's lives. Some people think of their pets as their children. Some people even leave all their money to their pets when they die!

Animals can help people, too. Dogs can be taught to be the“eyes”for a blind person (盲人) or“ears”for a deaf(耳聋) person. Scientists have found that pets help people live longer! They make people happier, too. Because of that, they bring animals into hospitals for“visits”.

Americans hold“Be Kind to Animals Week”in the first week of May. Pet shows are held during the week. Even if you don't live in America, you, too, can do this. How? First think about how animals make your life richer. If you have a pet, take more time this week to play with it. Remember to give it delicious food.

If you don't have a pet, be kind to animals around you. For example, if you see a street dog, just leave it alone, or make friends with it. If others around you do bad things to animals, try to speak up. As people, we must protect(保护) animals who can't speak for themselves.

小题1:“Some people even leave all their money to their pets when they die!”is used to prove(证明) that        .

A.pets have the right(权利) to inherit(继承) money

B.money can make pets happy

C.it's the best way to spend money

D.some pets are as important to their owners as their children小题2:According(依照) to the passage, scientists bring the dogs to hospital because       .

A.they are ill and they need to see the doctor

B.they can make the patients(病人) happier

C.they can help the doctor find out the problems

D.the doctors can do experiment(试验) on them小题3:During the“Be Kind to Animals Week”, the people in America        .

A.hold pet shows

B.play with the pets the whole week

C.cook delicious food for pets

D.make friends with other people's pets小题4:Which of the following statements(陈述) is NOT true?

A.Dogs can help people in many ways.

B.Dogs can help people live happier.

C.Dogs can help people make everything

D.Dogs can make people's lives richer.小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?

A.A lot of people are interested in dogs.

B.Dogs can help people do many things.

C.Pets are lovely and need care and protection(保护).

D.We have done a lot of things for pets.

单项选择题