问题 计算题

工人利用下图所示的滑轮组将重400N的物体向上匀速提起2m,所用的拉力为250N,滑轮组的机械效率是多少?若用此滑轮组将重900N的物体竖直向上匀速提升2m,拉力在这一过程中所做的功是多少?(不计绳和摩擦)

小明的解题过程是:

解:W有用=Gh=400N×2m=800J 

 W=Fs=250N×2m×2=1000J

η=W有用/W=800J/1000J=0.8=80% 

W有用′=Gh=900N×2m=1800J

W′=W有用′/η=1800J/80%=2250J

答:滑轮组的机械效率是80%,拉力在这一过程中所做的功是2250J.

上述解答是否有错误?如果有错误,指出错误的原因,并加以纠正.

答案

解:上述解答中,第一步求出机械效率80%是正确的.第二步求拉力功率时,因重物重力改变,故机械效率也应改变,仍用80%去计算是错误的.

正确的应如下:

∵不计绳和摩擦力

∴F= (G+G

当第一次拉动重物时G=400N  F=250N

可得G=2F﹣G=2×250N﹣400N=100N

则第二次拉动重物时,拉力F′= (G+G′)= (100N+900N)=500N

故拉力做的功为:W′=F′×S=500N×4m=2000J

解答题
单项选择题

Are you a man or a mouse When people ask this question they want to know (1) you think you are a (2) person or a coward. But you will never really know the answer to this question (3) you are tested in real life. Some people (4) they are brave but when they come face to face with real (5) , they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like (6)

Lenny had always thought of himself as a (7) person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. (8) , on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the (9) water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very (10) and did a very dangerous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, (11) to the woman, and kept her head (12) the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not (13) .

When you are in a very (14) situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin. (15) adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel per and per and are (16) to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this (17) , the muscles become very hard and you find you (18) move at all. You are then paralyzed with fear. This is (19) when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re "petrified". This word comes from the Greek word "petros", which means "stone". We are (20) frightened that we become stonelike.

9()

A.fresh 

B.poisonous 

C.warm 

D.ice-cold