问题 解答题

图为肾单位中形成尿液示意图.据图回答下列问题:

(1)图中A代表的生理过程______;

(2)C中液体与D中液体不同,主要区别是D中没有______.

(3)请写出乙血管的名称______.甲和乙中所流的血液类型相同吗?______.

(4)当膀胱中的尿液达到一定量时,人体会产生尿意,尿意形成的部位是______.

答案

(1)肾单位包括肾小体和肾小管两部分,肾小体又包括肾小球和肾小囊;尿的形成过程包括肾小球的滤过作用和肾小管的重吸收作用.所以当肾动脉血浆中的尿素随血液由入球小动脉流经肾小球时,血浆中的一部分水、无机盐、葡萄糖、尿素等滤过到肾小囊腔中形成原尿,当原尿流经肾小管时,大部分对人体有用的物质(如:大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分无机盐)又被肾小管重新吸收进入血液.而剩下的物质,如尿素、一部分水和无机盐等由肾小管流出,形成尿液.因此,图中A代表的生理过程 肾小球的过滤作用;

(2)由于原尿在流经肾小管时,重吸收了全部葡萄糖,因此,C中液体原尿与D中液体尿液不同,主要区别是D中没有葡萄糖.

(3)血液流经肾小球时没有发生气体交换的作用,只进行了过滤作用,因此图中甲入球小动脉内和乙出球小动脉内流动的血液类型相同,都是动脉血.

(4)排尿反射是由反射弧来完成的,当膀胱内尿液积累达到一定量时,会使膀胱内的感受器产生神经冲动,冲动沿传入神经传导到位于脊髓内的神经中枢,神经中枢将冲动上传到大脑皮层的躯体感觉中枢形成尿意.在适宜的环境下,躯体运动中枢将冲动下传到排尿神经中枢,再通过传出神经到达效应器- * * 括约肌.括约肌舒张,尿液就从膀胱经 * * 排出体外.因此,当膀胱中的尿液达到一定量时,人体会产生尿意,尿意形成的部位是大脑皮层.

故答案为:

(1)肾小球的过滤作用;

(2)葡萄糖;

(3)出球小动脉;相同;

(4)大脑皮层(或大脑)

单项选择题
单项选择题

Sofia Coppola’s "Lost in Translation" is a funny, bittersweet movie that uses cultural dislocation as a metaphor for people who have gotten lost in their own lives. The movie contains priceless slap-stick from Bill Murray, finely tuned performances by Murray and the beautiful Scarlett Johansson and a visual and aural design that cultivates a romantic through melancholy mood. In only her second feature, Coppola has made a poised, intelligent film that nicely balances laughs with a poignancy rarely seen in American movies. If Focus Features markets "Lost in Translation" carefully, this most original comedy could win audiences well beyond art houses.
Bob Harris (Murray) is a grumpy movie star in town to shoot a whiskey commercial. He is not only plagued by jet lag and gloom over a deteriorating marriage of many years, he is also in the midst of a midlife crisis that dampens his spirits but not his wit.
Charlotte (Johansson) , the neglected wife of a photographer, experiences a similar air-condl-tioned nightmare. Married two years, she already feels lost in the relationship, unable to partici-pate in her husband’s career or pinpoint what she wants out of life. When she ventures into the city, she is confronted by a distorted version of Western modernity.
These two people discover each other late at night at the bar. Neither one can sleep. A friend-ship evolves in their mutual isolation.
Coppola sees in Tokyo’s crowded, neon-lit urban landscape a society estranged from its own culture. The night is filled with pleasure-seekers obsessed by games, toys and American pop culture. Only when Charlotte takes a train to Kyoto is she able to experience the old Japan of ancient temples and gardens, tea houses and kimono-clad figures. This role fits Murray like his own skin. A middle-aged burnout who sees no challenges on his horizon gradually changes into a man revitalized by another alienated soul. His comic touch enriches the character with a self-deprecating wit and in a few sequences, a rubbery physicality that earns sustained laughs. Johansson makes Charlotte’s loneliness and disillusionment palpable as the woman is cut off from life in ways she never imagined.
Using high-speed film stock, cinematographer Lance Aeord gives the glaring neon and num-bingly sleek interiors a kind of romantic sheen. The score produced by Brian Reitzell created out of Japanese musical themes and "Tokyo dream-pop" adds to the sense of an Eastern city that has succumbed in large measure to Western culture.

The two characters in the film can be described as ______.

A.exhausted but happy

B.energetic but indifferent

C.enthusiastic and romantic

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