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问题 填空题

人体的代谢废物主要以尿液的形式通过泌尿系统排出．请回答：

（1）______是泌尿系统的主要器官，主要功能是形成尿液．

（2）与血液相比，正常情况下，原尿不含______和大分子蛋白质，其他成分两者相似，这是因为______有滤过作用．

（3）一个健康人每天形成原尿约150L，而每天排出的尿液一般约为1.5L，这是由于______的重吸收作用．

（4）排尿是在神经系统的支配下完成的，完成排尿反射过程的结构叫做______．

答案

（1）泌尿系统是由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和 * * 组成，其中主要的器官是肾脏，主要作用是形成尿液．

（2）当血液流经肾小球和肾小囊壁时，除大分子的蛋白质和血细胞外，血浆中的一部分水、无机盐、葡萄糖和尿素等物质都可以经过肾小球过滤到肾小囊中形成原尿；当原尿流经肾小管时，原尿中的全部的葡萄糖、大部分的水和部分无机盐被肾小管重新吸收会血液，而剩下的水、尿素和无机盐等就形成了尿液．由于肾小球不能过滤大分子的蛋白质和血细胞，因此与血液相比，正常情况下，原尿不含大分子的蛋白质和血细胞．

（3）当原尿流经肾小管时，全部葡萄糖、大部分水和部分无机盐等被肾小管重吸收，这些被重吸收的物质进入包绕在肾小管外的毛细血管中，送回到血液，剩下的水、无机盐、尿素等就形成尿液，因此，一个健康人每天形成原尿约150L，而每天排出的尿液一般约为1.5L，这是由于发生了肾小管的重吸收作用．

（4）排尿是在神经系统的支配下完成的一种反射活动，反射活动的结构基础称为反射弧，包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器．

故答案为：

（1）肾脏；

（2）血细胞；肾小球

（3）肾小管

（4）反射弧

单项选择题

唐律中已经有了化外人犯罪的如何适用法律的规定，以下对于化外人原则的适用正确的是：

A．不同国籍的外国人在中国犯罪，由双方协商选择中国或外国的法律处理

B．同一国籍的外国人在中国犯罪，可以按照中国的法律处理

C．同一国籍的外国人在中国犯罪，按照当事人国家的法律处理

D．不同国籍的外国人在中国犯罪，由当事人选择任一当事人所属国的法律处理
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单项选择题

Ever since this government’s term began, the attitude to teachers has been overshadowed by the mantra that good teachers cannot be rewarded if it means bad teachers are rewarded, too. That’s why, despite the obvious need for them, big pay rises have not been awarded to teachers across the board. The latest pay rise was 3.6 per cent--mad in the present situation. That’s why, as well, the long battle over performance-related pay was fought as teacher numbers slid.
The idea is that some kind of year zero can eventually be achieved whereby all the bad teachers are gone and only the good teachers remain. That is why the Government’s attempts to relieve the teacher shortage have been so focused on offering incentives to get a new generation of teachers into training. The assumption is that so many of the teachers we have already are bad, that only by starting again can standards be raised.
But the teacher shortage is not caused only because of a lack of new teachers coming into the profession. It is also because teaching has a retention problem, with many leaving the profession. These people have their reasons for doing so, which cannot be purely about wanting irresponsibly to "abandon" pupils more permanently. Such an exodus suggests that even beyond the hated union grandstanding, teachers are not happy.
Unions and government appear to be in broad agreement that the shortage of teachers is a parlous state of affairs. Oddly, though, they don’t seem entirely to agree that the reasons for this may lie in features of the profession itself and the way it is run. Instead, the Government is so suspicious of the idea that teachers may be able to represent themselves, that they have set up the General Teaching Council, a body that will represent teachers whether they want it to or not, and to which they have to pay ￡ 25 a year whether they want to or not.
The attitudes of both sides promise to exacerbate rather than solve the problem. Teachers are certainly exacerbating the problem by stressing just how bad things are. Quite a few potential teachers must be put off. And while the Government has made quite a success of convincing the public that bad education is almost exclusively linked to bad teachers represented by destructive unions, it also seems appalling that in a survey last year, working hours for primary teachers averaged 53 hours per week, while secondary teachers clocked up 51 hours.
At their spring conferences, the four major teaching unions intend to ballot their members on demanding from government an independent inquiry into working conditions. This follows the McCrone report in Scotland, which produced an agreement to limit hours to 35 per week, with a maximum class contact-time of 22 and a half hours. That sounds most attractive.

one important reason why teachers are leaving their profession is that they are______

A. only too irresponsible to abandon pupils permanently.
B. stuck in the conflict between government and unions.
C. much dissatisfied with their prolonged working hours.
D. found the government’s rewards rather unattractive.
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