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问题 单项选择题

某城市道路改造工程，随路施工的有0.4MPa的DN500中压燃气，DN1000给水管道铺设在道路下，燃气管道与给水管道均为钢管，之间相离规定有一段水平距离，热力隧道工程采用暗挖工艺施工，并对其施工单位的选择作了相应的规定；给水管道施工完毕后进行了沟槽的回填工作；对钢管的焊接人员也进行了测试后才开始燃气管道的施工，焊接完成了，对外观和内部管道进行了严格检验。

给水排水管道施工完毕并检验合格后，( )应及时回填。

A．构件

B．接口

C．沟槽

D．盖板

答案

参考答案：C

阅读理解与欣赏

《神奇的蚂蚁》（10分）

①蚂蚁虽小，但力大无比。一只小小的蚂蚁能把一颗米粒拖进蚁穴，如按体重比例计算，蚂蚁的力气相当于大象的60倍。

　　②蚂蚁为何有如此惊人的大力气？昆虫学家经过研究认为，这与肌肉的构造有直接的关系，肌肉产生力气与肌肉的粗细成正比，而与肌肉的长度无关。一只非洲大象的体重要比一只蚂蚁重一百多亿倍，而它的肌肉只比蚂蚁粗几百万倍，所以按体重比例计算，蚂蚁的力气当然要比大象大得多。

　　③蚂蚁不仅是大力士，而且还是赫赫有名的“外科医生”和杰出的“药剂师”。在南美洲圭亚那的印第安人部落里，当地的大夫做外科手术时，常用一种割叶蚁来进行伤口缝合，大夫先将病人的伤口对合，让割叶蚁咬住缝合口，再剪下蚁身。留下的蚁头就成了最好的羊肠线。它把伤口缝合得紧密无缝，伤口愈合后还不必拆线，可以减轻病人的痛苦。

　　④生物学家在对蚁穴的调查中发现，有一种红蚁能把采集到的肥马车、鸢尾花、紫罗兰、报春花的种子混合在一起，“配制”出一种奇效药品，经过尝试，能使人的舌头麻木两三小时，就像是打麻药针似的。

　　⑤白蚁虽食木毁房，给人类带来灾难，但它又是出色的“地质勘探家”，可以帮助人类寻找矿产。现代科学家对白蚁聚居的土壤进行光谱分析，发现土堆里有三十多种元素，其中最高的是硅和铝。在沙漠里，科学家还发现，白蚁常常深挖洞，找水源，经过化验，发现这种水中含有金属盐溶液。因此，只要观察沙漠中的白蚁洞，就可以了解矿物的储量及其分布情况。可见白蚁虽然对人类有害，但也有益。

小题1:本文从哪三个方面说明蚂蚁的特异功能的？（每方面回答不超过8个字）（3分）

答：（1）_____________（2）______________（3）______________

小题2:第③段中“外科医生”和“药剂师”两处引号的作用是（  ）（2分）

A．标明行文中直接引用的话。  B．标明需要着重指出的对象。

C．标明具有特殊含义的词语。

小题3:第④段中加线的“有一种”三个字能否删掉？为什么？（3分）

小题4:第②、③段分别运用了什么说明方法?) （2分)
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填空题


The United States counts its population every ten years, and each census reveals that the racial and ethnic mix is changing dramatically, so by the year 2050, the "average" American will not be descended from (1) , but the majority of U. S. residents will trace (2) ancestry to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. Once the United States was a microcosm of European nationalities, (3) the United States is a microcosm of the world. The United States is (4) considered a "melting pot" society by many of its residents. (5) , many people prefer the term "salad bowl." They use this (6) to describe American society. American society will soon be (7) nonwhite. "Melting pot" implies that the different ethnic groups blend together (8) one homogeneous (9) , "salad bowl" (10) that nationalities, like the ingredients in a mixed green salad, retain their cultural (11) . Earlier generations of (12) believed they had to learn English quickly not only to survive but also for (13) .
Now, many immigrant groups do not (14) the same need. Because there are many places in America (15) you can work, shop, get medical care, marry, divorce and die without knowing English. (16) , Chinatown in San Francisco and New York. Also, Los Angeles has many Vietnamese immigrants and immigrants from Mexico. (17) , many immigrant groups want their children to know their (18) culture. Many Hispanics, for instance, want their children to learn (19) English and Spanish and study the Spanish language in school. They are fighting for the (20) to bilingual education in many communities. In many communities they are in the majority.
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