问题 问答题

在研究“杠杆的平衡条件”实验中:

(1)实验中首先要调节杠杆两端的平衡螺母,其作用是调节杠杆在______位置平衡,这样做是为了便于______.若发现杠杆“左低右高”,可将右端螺母向______边旋转,或将左端螺母向______边旋转;

(2)在A处挂三个钩码如图1所示,要使杠杆平衡应在B处挂______个钩码(每个钩码质量均为100g);拿去B处钩码,改在C处用弹簧测力计竖直向上拉,杠杆平衡时弹簧测力计上的示数为______N.(g=10N/kg)若拉力的方向改成斜向上,则弹簧测力计的示数______(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).

(3)在研究“杠杆的平衡条件”实验中,有一组同学猜想杠杆的平衡条件可能是“动力+动力臂=阻力+阻力臂”.他们经过实验,获得了下述数据:

动力F1/N动力臂Ll/cm阻力F2/N阻力臂L2/cm
4554
于是,他们认为自己的猜想得到了验证,你认为他们实验过程中存在什么问题?______.

(4)某次实验中,若采取如图2所示的方式悬挂钩码,杠杆也能在水平位置保持平衡(杠杆上每格等距),但老师却往往提醒大家不要采用这种方式,这主要是以下哪种原因______(选填字母).

A.一个人无法独立操作             B.需要使用太多的钩码

C.力臂与杠杆不重合               D.力和力臂数目过多.

答案

(1)①力臂等于支点到力的作用线的距离,当杠杆在水平位置平衡时,力的方向与杠杆垂直,力臂可以从杠杆标尺刻度上直接读出来;

②杠杆重心右移应将平衡螺母(左端和右端的均可)向右调节,直至重心移到支点处,使杠杆重力的力臂为零,这样就减小了杠杆的自重对实验的影响;

(2)因为F1×OC=F2×OA,并且一个钩码的重力G=mg=0.1g×10N/kg=1N,

设杠杆的每一个小格代表1cm,

则F1×2cm=3×1N×4cm,

F1=6N.

弹簧测力计竖直向上拉杠杆时,动力臂是OC,当弹簧测力计倾斜拉杠杆时,动力臂减小,阻力和阻力臂不变,故动力会变大.

(3)实验数据只有一组,得出结论具有偶然性,不具有普遍性,实验结论必须在多次试验的基础上得出,这样才能有效地避免实验结果偶然性出现.

(4)当杠杆上挂多组钩码时,力和力臂增加,虽然也能得出正确的结论,但是使实验复杂化,给实验带来难度.

故答案为:(1)水平;读出力臂;右;右;(2)4;6;变大;(3)实验数据只有一组,得出结论具有偶然性,不具有普遍性,实验结论必须在多次试验的基础上得出,这样才能有效地避免实验结果偶然性出现;(4)D.

单项选择题

I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a (1) over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs, and if not a lot, always (2) . Not knowing we were poor, my kids just thought I was (3) . I’ve always been glad about that.

It was Christmas time, and although there wasn’t (4) for a lot of gifts, we planned to celebrate with a family party. But the big (5) for the kids was the fun of Christmas (6) .

They planned weeks ahead of time, asking (7) what they wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, I had saved MYM120 for (8) to share by all five of us.

The big (9) arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and (10) them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered. We had two hours to shop; then we would (11) back at the "Santa’s Workshop"

Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits, (12) my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually (13) She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies—fiftycent candies I was so angry, but I didn’t say anything (14) we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, (15) to be angry again. This is what she told me.

"I was looking (16) thinking of what to buy, and I (17) to read the little cards on the ’Giving Trees’. One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she (18) for Christmas was a doll. So I took the card off the tree and (19) the doll for her. We have so much and she doesn’t have anything. "

I never felt so (20) as I did that day.

9()。

A.improvement 

B.problem 

C.surprise 

D.excitement

单项选择题