问题 问答题

利用实验台上的器材:一个带支架的杠杆、一个量程为0~5N的弹簧测力计、一个质量为100g的钩码和两段细绳.小文设计了一个实验,证明“在杠杆平衡时,如果阻力和阻力臂保持不变,则动力臂跟动力成反比”.

(1)小文把钩码挂在杠杆上A点位置,用点B表示弹簧测力计作用在杠杆上的位置,请在图中的杠杆上标出B点.

(2)将小文主要实验步骤补充完整.

①用细绳做成两个绳套,分别拴在杠杆的A点 和B点处,调节杠杆使其______.将弹簧测力计的指针调节到零刻度线位置.

②在杠杆上A点位置挂钩码,并保持A点位置不再移动.

③在B点处竖直______(向上、向下)拉弹簧测力计,使杠杆在水平位置平衡.

④记录弹簧测力计示数F及______.

⑤移动B点处绳套,重复步骤③、④共做6次.

⑥分析数据,得出结论.

答案

(1)为了便于拉动弹簧测力计,在杠杆的右端竖直向上拉动弹簧测力计.B点在杠杆的右端任何一个位置标出.如图.

(2)为了方便在杠杆上测量力臂的大小,让杠杆在水平位置平衡.

在杠杆的右端用弹簧测力计拉杠杆时,在B点的力竖直向上.(在杠杆的左端用弹簧测力计拉杠杆时,在B点的力竖直向下)

当弹簧测力计竖直方向拉动杠杆时,记录弹簧测力计示数F及OB间距离L.

故答案为:(1)(B点的位置不确定)如上图.

(2)在水平位置平衡;向上;OB间距离L.

单项选择题
单项选择题


Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians esteemed gold, which had religious significance to them, and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid-gold coffin 3300 years ago.
People have always longed to possess gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also brought out the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces, temples and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold. Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope. Even today, the economic running of South Africa’s gold mines depends largely on the employment of black labourens who are paid about 40 a month, plus room and board, and who must work in conditions that can only be described as cruel. About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year, or one for every two tons of gold produced.
Much of gold’s value lies in its scarcity. Only about 80,000 tons have been mined in the history of the world. All of it could be stored in a vault 60 feet square, or a supertanker.
Great Britain was the first country to adopt the gold standard, when the Master of Mint, Sir Isaac Newton, established a fixed price for gold in 1717. But until the big discoveries of gold in the last half of the nineteenth century — starting in California in 1848 and later in Australia and South Africa — there simply wasn’t enough gold around for all the trading nations to link their currencies to the precious metal.
An out-of-work prospector named George Harrison launched South Africa into the gold age in 1886 when he discovered the metal on a farm near what is now Johannesburg. Harrison was given a 12 reward by the farmer. He then disappeared and reportedly was eaten by a lion.
Historically, the desire to hoard gold at home has been primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes, who have no faith in paper money. George Bernard Shaw defended their instincts eloquently: "You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability of the honesty and intelligence of the members of the government", he said, "and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you to vote for gold."

George Bernard Shaw thought that ______ .

A.( the members of the government were honest and intelligent

B.( the value of gold was likely to change unexpectedly

C.( gold was more valuable than paper money

D.( one could place more faith in gold than in politicians