问题 问答题

简述提高观察效度的主要措施。

答案

参考答案:(1)在观察的准备阶段,要注意根据研究课题的要求和收集资料的性质选择适当的观察方式、观察人员、观察地点和观察时间。
(2)根据研究需要确定观察的内容。
(3)在观察和处理资料的过程中,观察者要保持客观的态度,及时发现并纠正各种观察者的偏见。
(4)采用匿名和其他方式,减少“被观察者效应”。
(5)训练观察者,采用辅助手段帮助观察者提高观察的准确性和客观性。

单项选择题 共用题干题
完形填空
A report has recently been published about what the earth might be like 20 years or so from now on. The report is a result of a three-year  46 .
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2020 is not a  47 one. The world will be more  48 because the population will continue to grow. The population could be  49 9,000 million, almost 3,000 million more than that in 2009. More people would move into cities, especially cities in  50 countries. Cities in India and Thailand probably would  51 have a population of 20 million by then.
Food production will  52 , but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 2009,  53 most of the increase would be in countries that  54 produce enough food for their people. Little increase is  55 in South Asia, Africa or the Middle East. Poor farming ways are  56 large areas of cropland, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is  57 as cities become larger and more houses are built.  58 will get worse as developed countries burn more coal and oil. Many of the world’s  59 could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their  60  of the earth for the year 2020 may be wrong. They only   61  the situation as it is today. By changing the situation, by  62 the problems, the picture can be changed. There is  63 time for the nations of the world to  64 a plan of action. But they considered that  65 too long to make a decision would greatly reduce the chances of success
小题1:
A.learningB.instructionC.noticeD.study
小题2:A.pleased    B.pleasant                  C.safe                         C.blue
小题3:
A.dangerousB.beautifulC.crowdedD.terrible
小题4:
A.no more thanB.as many asC.so much asD.as large as
小题5:
A.developingB.developedC.bigD.mountainous
小题6:
A.noneB.eachC.noD.neither
小题7:
A.lastB.reduceC.increaseD.continue
小题8:
A.soB.butC.orD.however
小题9:
A.alreadyB.hardlyC.partlyD.never
小题10:
A.wantedB.lackedC.foundD.expected
小题11:.
A.destroyingB.protectingC.botheringD.interrupting
小题12:
A.savedB.lostC.discoveredD.used
小题13:
A.Air pollutionB.Water pollutionC.Some diseasesD.All farmland
小题14:
A.animalsB.plantsC.forestsD.people
小题15:
A.photoB.pictureC.aimD.environment
小题16:
A.stoppedB.continuedC.exchangedD.prevented
小题17:.
A.solvingB.working C.answeringD.dealing
小题18:.
A.noB.stillC.lessD.lots of
小题19:
A.give upB.carryC.makeD.get off
小题20:
A.visitingB.suggestingC.spendingD.waiting