Directions:This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked 1), 2), 3) ,4) or 5) in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match.
1) ______ the Grammar-Translation Method
2) ______ the Direct Method
3) ______ the Audiolingual Method
4) ______ the Cognitive Approach
5) ______ the Communicative Approach
a) The primary function of language is communication.
b) All languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common grammar.
c) Language is a system of structurally related elements for the expressions of meaning.
d) Every language has its own structures and can not be forced into the constraining pattern of Latin grammar.
e) A native speaker has in his brain a set of grammar rules which he can use to make sentences with.
参考答案：d
解析：直接法所依据的语言理论主要来自以下观点：(1) 每一种语言都有自己独特的结构(Every language has its own structure)：(2) 口头语言早于书面语言(Spoken language comes before written language)；(3) 口头语言是可以学习的声音体系(Spoken language is a learnable system of sounds)；(4) 语言和思想有着密切的联系(Language and thought are closely linked)。其中观点一认为每种语言都有自己独特的结构，不能被死搬硬套进拉丁语语法中，这种观点否定了在传统教学法中翻译法的主导作用，并推动了直接法来代替翻译法作为外语教学的主要方法。