问题 问答题

滑轮组机械效率的实验中:

(1)实验原理是______.

(2)直接测得的物理量是_______、______、______、______.

(3)实验中应选用的测量工具是______.

(4)测量时,必须______拉动弹簧测力计.

(5)在“测滑轮组机械效率“的实验中,用同一滑轮组进行了两次实验,实验数据如下:

次数钩码重G/N上升高度h/cm弹簧测力计示数F/N绳头移动距离s/cm
12100.840
2551.520
a.第一次实验测得滑轮组的机械效率为______,第二次实验时滑轮组的机械效______(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)第一次的机械效率.b.结论:若仅增加钩码的个数,该滑轮组有机械效率将______.(选填:“增大“、“减小“或“不变“)

答案

(1)实验原理是η=

W
W
×100%;

(2)直接测得的物理量是:物重G、绳子自由端拉力F、物体上升高度h、自由端移动距离s;

(3)实验中应选用的测量工具是:弹簧测力计、刻度尺;

(4)根据力的平衡可知,只有竖直方向匀速拉动弹簧测力计,弹簧测力计的示数才等于拉力的大小;

(5)a、η=

W
W
×100%=
Gh
Fs
×100%可知:

第一次实验滑轮组的机械效率η1=

G1h1
F1s1
×100%=
2N×0.1m
0.8N×0.4m
×100%=62.5%,

第二次实验滑轮组的机械效率η2=

G2h2
F2s2
×100%=
5N×0.5m
1.5N×0.2m
×100%≈83.3%,

所以η1<η2

b、分析第一次和第二次实验数据可知,若仅增加钩码的个数,滑轮组所做的有用功增大,额外功不变,有用功占总功的比例增大,滑轮组的机械效率增大.

故答案为:

(1)η=

W
W
×100%;

(2)物重G;绳子自由端拉力F;物体上升高度h;自由端移动距离s;

(3)弹簧测力计、刻度尺;

(4)竖直方向匀速;

(5)a、62.5%;大于;b、增大.

单项选择题
单项选择题

Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced (1) naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought (2) in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon gave up their pressed flowers and insects. (3) them, I had no ear (4) music and languages, I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War I we (5) our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the memory of the house we lived (6) , of my room and my toys. I can hardly (7) clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered (8) door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm (9) , the local birds and, (10) all, the insects.I am a (11) , not a scientist. I have a p (12) of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigation. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy (13)  the midnight oil  (14)  reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then  (15)  happens that brings these observations together  (16)  my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy (想象), you see the answer  (17)  the riddle, and books, of which some might honor with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential  (18)  required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only  (19)  but also hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is  (20) . If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

 

第(9)空应选择()

A.products

B.animals

C.fields

D.skies