问题 问答题

某实验小组在测“滑轮组机械效率”的实验中,测得的数据如下表所示,实验装置如图下所示.

物理量123

钩码重G(N)8810
钩码上升高度h(m)0.20.20.2
绳端拉力F(N)4.03.04.5
绳端移动距离S(m)0.61.00.6
机械效率74%
(1)请在表中空白处填上恰当的数据.(百分值保留到整数)

(2)通过其中数据分析实验1是用______(选填:“甲”或“乙”)图做的实验;实验2是用______(选填:“甲”或“乙”)图做的实验.

(3)通过实验1和实验2的数据分析可得出结论:使用不同的滑轮组提升相同的重物时,动滑轮的个数越多,滑轮组的机械效率越______.

(4)通过实验1和实验3的数据分析可得出结论:使用同一滑轮组时,______,滑轮组的机械效率越高.

答案

(1)实验1中,η1=

W有用
W
×100%=
Gh
Fs
×100%=
8N×0.2m
4N×0.6m
×100%≈67%;

实验2中,η2=

W有用
W
×100%=
Gh
Fs
×100%=
8N×0.2m
3N×1m
×100%≈53%;

(2)实验1中钩码升高0.2m,绳端移动0.6m,绳的段数n=

s
h
=
0.6m
0.2m
=3,而图甲中绳的段数为3段,所以实验1用的是甲图;

实验2中钩码升高0.2m,绳端移动1m,绳的段数n=

s
h
=
1m
0.2m
=5,而图乙中绳的段数为5段,所以实验2用的是乙图;

(3)实验1中提升的重物为8N,动滑轮个数为1个,机械效率为67%;

而实验2中提升的重物为8N,动滑轮个数为2个,机械效率为53%,所以当动滑轮个数越多时,机械效率越小;

(4)实验1与实验3,使用的是同一滑轮组,但物重不同,实验3中的物重大,机械效率高,所以,使用同一滑轮组时,重物越重,滑轮组的机械效率越高.

故答案为:(1)答案见下表;(2)甲;乙;(3)低;(4)所提重物越重.

物理量123
钩码重G(N)8810
钩码上升高度h(m)0.20.20.2
绳端拉力F(N)4.03.04.5
绳端移动距离S(m)0.61.00.6
机械效率67%53%74%

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A strong earthquake attacked Japan at 1: 46 pm. Mar 11st, 2011. I was shocked when I heard

about the bad news. Why there were so many disasters (灾难)in the world? 

     And some earthquakes even came with tsunamis (海啸). It was said that 300 thousand of people

died in 2004 as a result of the earthquake and tsunami happened in Indonesia (印度尼西亚). And

about 242 thousand of people died in Tangshan Earthquake in 1976 in China. Also in 2008, another

big earthquake happened in Wen Chuan, China, and more than 70 thousand people passed away.

     How awful it is when we talk about these disasters. Everyone should cherish what we have now. I

felt scary when I watched 2012,a movie about the end of the world. But the disasters happened are

more fearful.

     We live in Dalian, Liaoning province. Dalian is not far away from Japan, my colleague (同事) told

me that she would be too panic to go to bed tonight. It is funny. I did not worry about that. No one can

expect what will happen in the next minute. Just enjoy every minute in our life. 

      It is enough.

1. When did the earthquake happen in Japan?

A. Jul.28th 1976            

B. Mar 11th, 2011        

C. May 12th, 2008

2. Which earthquake or tsunamis made the people die most?

A. Tangshan Earthquake      

B. Wen Chuan Earthquake  

C. Indonesia Tsunamis

3. What's the cherish mean?

A. 珍惜                  

B. 憎恨                

C. 抱怨

4. What's the movie 2012 about? 

A. love story                

B. Chinese Kong fu        

C. the end of the world

5. From these passage, we can infer (推断) the writer is _______.

A. pessimistic (悲观的)      

B. optimistic (乐观的)    

C. indifferent (无所谓的)

判断题