丘吉尔曾说过：“斯大林……接过俄国时，俄国只有木犁，而当他撒手人寰时，俄国已拥有核武器。”苏联之所以能取得如丘吉尔所说的这一重大成就，主要是因为斯大林
A．充分调动了农工的生产积极性
B．完善了苏联的社会主义民主与法制
C．借用西方国家的经济建设经验
D．开创了高度集中的计划经济体制
答案：D
题目分析：在斯大林当政时期，苏联形成了高度集中的经济政治体制，这种体制尽管存在很多弊端，但也促使苏联经济建设取得巨大成就。故选D。A项明显错误，斯大林体制不利于调动工人的积极性；B项说法错误，斯大林体制实行单一的公有制和行政性的指令计划，存在着很大的弊端；C项也错误，西方经济建设的经验在于自由主义。 。
点评：对于斯大林体制，应该从积极和消极两个方面进行分析，一方面应该看到其积极的作用，能够集中全国的人力物力搞经济建设，另一个方面不利于调动人们的工作积极性，也造成了农轻重比例的严重失调。
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| We have always been warned of the dangers of forest fires. They cause 1 to a forest. They kill many plants and animals in an eco-system, which is a group of living things and their environment. But have you ever heard of a forest fire that can be 2 for a forest? People start some of the fires with a special reason to actually do good to the eco-system. In fact, fires are a natural part of any eco-system. Without fires, the oldest and largest trees would stop sunlight from reaching the forest floor. Fires can 3 some of these old trees. When the trees die, they provide something good for the earth. New trees can grow strong and healthy in their place. Some trees even need fires to grow. These trees hold their seeds (种子) inside. Heat from a fire allows the coat of the seeds to open up. Then the seeds fall to the ground and have the 4 to grow/ Scientist, who know about nature's needs, start some of these fires, called controlled burns. A fire is started and kept under control. This way, the fire does not spread out of the area or 5 a after forest fires, they can go hungry 6 their food has been damaged in the fire. Small, controlled fires mean than animals will not have to move far to find food. After some time, small plants begin to grow. Animals return soon after the plants return. This 7 makes an eco-system. So the next time you hear about a forest fire, think about the good as well as the bad. It may take a new eco-system a while to return, but it will likely come back stronger and healthier than ever. | ||||
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