问题 单项选择题

阅读下文,回答38~41题。 各种美容上的保养,不论是请医生进行诊护,还是请美容师施以美容术,目的不外是为了减少老化作用在脸上留下的痕迹。老化现象是否可以避免呢? 加速老化的原因有很多种,其中有一些是与个人体质有关,有一些则是因为外界因素的影响到所造成的。不均衡的饮食习惯会导致过度肥胖,或体重不足,而更可能造成以上两种情况交替产生。此外,机体各组织合成的成分间分配不均衡,如碳水化合物、油脂、蛋白质、维生素及机体必须的微量元素等,也会造成老化现象。外界环境对呼吸道器官的神经刺激,例如香烟就是头号敌人,它能使弹性纤维断裂,尤其它会降低呼吸道器量,呼吸道间的氧气会因此减少。大气污染也是呼吸道受到侵害的主要元凶,虽然生病要用药物治疗,但使用不当难免造成副作用而加速老化。太阳光的辐射线,尤其是紫外线,会渗透深层皮肤造成破坏。 上述因素都会协助体内各种毒素的形成,其中最主要的就是自由基。所谓自由基就是机体内循环流动的分子,或是分子的部分,经由本身能量的转化而成为有毒的分子。一个处于稳定状态的分子在受到氧电子的作用后,会变成自由基,同时也会使其他分子变质成为自由基。 自由基进行攻击的目标是细胞及其外围,细胞膜便是自由基的第一靶子,当细胞自行修补的功能耗尽之后,就只能听任自由基进入细胞内部。自由基一进入细胞质就发生破坏细胞的元素,渐渐地,不正常的细胞便形成了。最后连细胞核也成了受攻击的目标,由于能量规律受到破坏,细胞核中传送出的讯息也有所更改。与此同时,它对细胞外部的破坏也正同时进行,它会使支撑组织变质,特别是会破坏弹性纤维及胶原蛋白,因此便导致人体皮肤的老化。

下列语句不适合作本文标题的一项是( )。

A.皮肤老化浅谈

B.皮肤是怎样老化的

C.皮肤老化的内外因素 

D.皮肤老化的敌人

答案

参考答案:C

解析:本文主要谈影响皮肤老化的外在因素,因此以“内外因素”做标题并不符合本文的内容。

选择题
问答题

A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. (46) Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist(维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any" reason". (47) I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time. let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.

This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. (48) This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature ; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.

(49)However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. (50) Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it ; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.

But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

(47) I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time. let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.