问题 问答题

某同学设计了一个用打点计时器做“验证动量守恒定律”的实验:在小车A的前端粘有橡皮泥,推动小车A使之做匀速运动,然后与原来静止的小车B相碰并粘合成一体,继续做匀速运动.他设计的具体装置如图所示,在小车后连接着纸带,电磁打点计时器使用的电源频率为50Hz,长木板垫着小木片以平衡摩擦力.

(1)若已得到打点纸带如图所示,并测得各计数点间距(标在图上).A为运动起点,则应该选择______段来计算A碰前的速度,应选择______段来计算A和B碰后的共同速度.(以上空格选填“AB”、“BC”、“CD”、“DE”)

(2)已测得小车A的质量m1=0.40kg,小车B的质量m2=0.20kg,由以上测量结果可得碰前m1v0=______ kg•m/s,碰后(m1+m2)v=______ kg•m/s,由此得出结论______.

答案

(1)由于碰撞之后共同匀速运动的速度小于碰撞之前A独自运动的速度,故AC应在碰撞之前,DE应在碰撞之后.

推动小车由静止开始运动,故小车有个加速过程,在碰撞前做匀速直线运动,即在相同的时间内通过的位移相同,故BC段为匀速运动的阶段,故选BC计算碰前的速度;

碰撞过程是一个变速运动的过程,而A和B碰后的共同运动时做匀速直线运动,故在相同的时间内通过相同的位移,故应选DE段来计算碰后共同的速度.

故答案为BC、DE

(2)碰前系统的动量即A的动量,则P1=m1v1=m1

BC
5T
=0.40×
0.1050
5×0.02
=0.420 kg•m/s  

碰后的总动量P2=(m1+m2)v2=(m1+m2

DE
5T
=(0.40+0.20)×
0.0695
5×0.02
=0.417kg•m/s

碰撞前后动量近似相等,所以在误差允许的范围内,碰撞中mv的矢量和是守恒的.

故答案为:0.420,0.417.

故本题的答案为:(1)BC DE (2)0.420 0.417 在误差允许的范围内,碰撞中mv的矢量和是守恒的

单项选择题

Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dangers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6) .

Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic effort to "save" the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) "death watch".

(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death.

12()

A.shortened

B.prolonged

C.removed

D.extended

选择题