问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面《论语》选段,回答问题(6分)

曾子曰:“吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?”(《学而第一》)

小题1:下列各选项对上文内容的理解,不正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.本章所讲的“自省”是自我修养的基本方法。

B.曾子认为答应了别人的事情就不能出尔反尔,对人要真诚。

C.曾子这里所讲的“信”有两个涵义:一是信任,二是信用。其内容是朋友之间要诚实不欺,说真话,说话算数。

D.本章中曾子提出了“忠”和“信”的范畴,就是替别人办事要尽心尽力,与朋友相交要真实守信,这是一个人立身处世的基石。小题2:结合上面的选段,你认为下面选段体现了孔子的什么观点?(3分)

子夏曰:“贤贤易色;事父母,能竭其力;事君,能致其身;与朋友交,言而有信。虽曰未学,吾必谓之学矣。”(《学而第一》)

答案

小题1:B

小题2:孔子十分重视个人的道德修养,以求塑造成理想人格。子夏继承孔子的思想,认为判定一个人有没有学问及其学问的好坏,主要不是看他的文化知识,而是看他的道德修养。这是孔子重在德行的教育思想的具体体现。

小题1:试题解析:“不能出尔反尔,对人要真诚”错,这里把“忠”与“信”的范畴完全等同起来了。

点评:对经典传统文化的理解,需建立在读懂的基础上。紧紧依靠语段的语言环境,理解其中的深刻内家涵。

小题2:试题解析:上段文字所讲的“自省”是自我修养的基本方法。而子夏认为看到贤人能肃然起敬,在家能竭心尽力地爱家庭,爱父母。在社会上做事,对人、对国家,放弃自我的私心,所谓许身为国。尽管这个人没有读过一天书,我一定说这人是有真学问的。子夏强调一个人的道德修养。

点评:经典文化观点的理解,除了结合具体的语段去体味其中所表现出来的观点与内容内涵外,平时复习时,应对中国古代文化经典所表现的思想作归纳和整理,了解流派各代表性人物的主要思想。答题时,要联想这些思想,并能结合具体的语段作适当的解读。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy ;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. Firstly,listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me" textbook questions" about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science"
After a long pause ,a boy raised his hand," Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why"
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less tor an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their" wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with" That’s right" or" Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying" That’s interesting" or" I’d never thought of it that way- before", or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to" Think". It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show;don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word " lists" could best be replaced by______.

A. any questions


B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks

D. any number of questions