问题 阅读理解

阅读理解

     As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North

     America were building with adobe-sunbaked brick plastered with mud. Their homes

looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained

quarters for perhaps thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods.

     These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for

defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers

must have realized since they called them "pueblos", which is Spanish for town.

     The people of the pueblos raised what are called "the three sisters"-corn, beans, and

squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they

could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The

     Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation

ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed

elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.

     The way of life of lesssettled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature.

     Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between

the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals

such as rabbits and snakes.In the Far North the ancestors of today's Inuit hunted seals,

walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos

built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the

lordly caribou.

     The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the

grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison

commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was

used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tipis.

1. What does the text mainly discuss?

A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings.

B. The movement of American Indians across North America.

C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians.

D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.

2. It can be inferred from the text that the buildings of the Hopi and Zuni were ________.

A. very small  

B. highly advanced

C. difficult to defend  

D. quickly constructed

3. Which of the following is true?

A. The Spanish explorers didn't know what the buildings really was, as they called it "pueblos".

B. The Hopi and Zuni had no idea of how to farm.

C. The people of the pueblos were good at weaving.

D. Since water was so important, the people of the pueblos wove baskets to carry water.

4. What information can you get from the text?

A. The Plains Indians lived on bison.

B. The majority of the American Indians lived in igloos.

C. The Hopi and Zuni had a smaller population.

D. The lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River were dry.

5. How many tribes are mentioned in the text?

A. 8.  

B. 7.  

C. 6.  

D. 5.

答案

1-5: DBCAA

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文字,完成第1~3题。

失败的英雄

  荆轲一生只干了一件事,就是行刺当时秦国的最高统治者秦王赢政。这件事最终以失败告终,但是,人们却一直把荆轲看作是一个英雄。

  司马迁在《史记·刺客列传》里描写了五个刺客:曹沫、专诸、聂政、豫让和荆轲。比较一下这五个人的功绩,荆轲是刺杀最没有成效的一个:刺秦完全以失败告终,不但一无所获,而且损失惨重,除了自己被杀外,还搭上秦武阳、樊於期的性命,失去了燕国督亢地区的地图,使燕遭秦的报复。但是,荆轲却成为这五名刺客中名气最大的一个。

  在《刺客列传》中,描写荆轲的文字最长,他一个人的篇幅超过了其他四个人的总和。并且司马迁在描写荆轲时,笔墨饱含感情,整个刺秦过程慷慨悲壮、惊心动魄,从而给人留下了深刻的印象。那么,司马迁又为什么要对荆轲如此偏重呢?因为荆轲比其他四个刺客高出一筹,而那又是因为秦王比其他刺客要谋刺的对象高出一筹。况且,这个秦王后来横扫六国,统一天下,成了中国历史上第一个封建君王。

  两千年来,人们为荆轲失败扼腕叹息,纷纷分析其失败原因。有人认为是荆轲进咸阳宫失去了帮手;有人认为荆轲剑术不精,武功欠佳,没有刺杀到秦王;还有人认为荆轲有贪生心理,没有在“图穷匕见”的第一瞬间向秦王下手,他想抓活的,给自己生还的希望。说荆轲有贪生心理我不敢认同,说他想生擒秦王倒可能是事实。人们对“荆轲刺秦”一直有一个误会,以为荆轲来到咸阳宫的目的就是为了杀死秦王。其实燕太子丹派荆轲到秦国,第一目的是想效仿曹沫挟持齐桓公的事件,荆轲最好也能挟持住秦王,逼他归还侵略燕国的土地;若不行,再刺杀秦王。但最终两个目的都没达到。

  世人对荆轲的失败耿耿于怀,是因为潜意识里希望他刺秦成功。然而,假如荆轲真刺死了秦王——那时候赢政还只是一个诸侯国的国君而已,还没有变成后来的秦始皇。那么,荆轲的名声也就与《刺客列传》里其他的刺客一样了,而不会脱颖而出。所以,荆轲的英名,正在于他的“失败”。

  荆轲的英名虽与成败有关,但更重要的是:荆轲敢于越过易水,渡过黄河,来到强大的秦国,进入了它的心脏地带——咸阳宫去单挑秦王;他遇到的对手比其他所有刺客遇到的对手都要强大,但他敢于向最强者挑战;他去赴死,高歌着“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复还”;当那个号称十二岁就杀过人的秦武阳,一进咸阳宫就被那种威严的气势吓得大惊失色时,他能谈笑自如;当他面对高高在上被文武百官簇拥着的秦王时,他在孤独中完成了他应该做的所有动作。

  荆轲在咸阳宫只战斗了几分钟,然而这几分钟却震撼了中国人几千年。

1.下列不属于荆轲是“这五名刺客中名气最大的一个”原因的一项是(   )

A.司马迁对荆轲有偏爱,描写荆轲的文字最长、最详细,篇幅超过了其他四刺客的总和,使人们能对这位刺客有更多了解。

B.司马迁在描写荆轲时,笔墨饱含感情,整个刺秦过程描写得慷慨悲壮、惊心动魄,从而给人留下了深刻的印象。

C.对手的地位、分量抬高了刺客的地位与分量,荆轲刺杀的对象后来成为统一中国的第一位帝王,也加重了荆轲的名气。

D.荆轲为了让后人知道,他与其他刺客不同,他不是为了刺杀而刺杀,而是为了表现自己敢于向最强者挑战的精神。

2.对“这几分钟却震撼了中国人几千年”一句理解不正确的一项是(   )

A.荆轲在咸阳宫虽然只战斗了几分钟,但因司马迁的精彩描写而流芳千古,影响深远。

B.这场短暂战斗显示了荆轲敢于单独挑战最强者,勇于赴死的勇力、胆略与英雄气概。

C.刺秦行动虽然失败了,但荆轲表现出的英雄气概影响深远,长久地为中国人所深深敬仰。

D.荆轲在孤独中完成了他应该做的所有动作,他慷慨赴死,大义凛然,是正义的化身。

3.下列对文意的理解和分析,不正确的一项是(   )

A.荆轲是个流传千古,名气很大的刺客。作者开篇却从他的刺杀业绩写起,指出荆轲是刺杀最没成效的一个,这是欲扬先抑的写法。

B.作者认为荆轲未在“图穷匕见”的一瞬行刺,是想劫持秦王逼其归还侵略的燕地,这是有可能的,而说荆轲有贪生心理是一种误解。

C.世人对荆轲的失败耿耿于怀,是因为潜意识里希望着荆轲刺秦成功,作者认为这种愿望可以理解,从文中看,作者也怀着同样的愿望。

D.文中写号称十二岁就杀过人的秦武阳在咸阳宫大惊失色的表现,是为了反衬荆轲的镇定勇敢,从而佐证文中的观点——荆轲是一个失败的英雄。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题