问题 实验题

下图是肾单位结构图,请据图回答问题

(1)A是      ,B是       ,C是      ,ABC合称           

(2)B中流动的液体是           ,它与A.D中流动的液体比较,不含有                               

(3)从CE中流出的液体叫            ,健康人此处流出的液体与B中的液体比较,不含有            

(4)病人的尿液中发现了较多的红细胞,如果是肾有疾病,可能是          

          出现了病症。如果尿液中出现葡萄糖则可能是[      ]出现病症。

答案

(1)肾小球;肾小囊;肾小管;肾单位.(2)原尿;血细胞;大分子蛋白质;(3)尿液;葡萄糖;(4)肾小球;肾小管.

题目分析:(1)构成肾脏结构和功能的基本单位是肾单位,由C肾小管和肾小体组成,肾小体由A肾小球和B肾小囊组成.因此图中A.B.C合称为肾单位。(2)尿的形成要经过肾小球的过滤作用和肾小管的重吸收作用.当血液流经A肾小球时,除了血细胞和大分子的蛋白质外,其他的如水、无机盐、尿素、葡萄糖会滤过到B肾小囊腔形成原尿.因此,B中流动的液体是原尿,它与A.D中流动的液体(血液)比较,不含有血细胞和大分子蛋白质。(3)原尿流经C肾小管时,其中对人体有用的物质,包括大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分无机盐,被肾小管重新吸收,并且进入包绕在肾小管外面的毛细血管中,重新回到血液里,而剩余的水、无机盐和没有被重吸收的尿素、尿酸等一起形成尿液.因此从CE中流出的液体叫尿液,健康人此处流出的液体(尿液)与B中的液体(原尿)相比较,尿液中不含有葡萄糖。(4)当肾小球发生病变时,肾小球的通透性会增加,原来不能滤过的蛋白质和血细胞被滤过;而肾小管对这些物质没有重吸收能力,因而在尿液中出现蛋白质和血细胞.故病人的尿液中发现了较多的红细胞,如果是肾有疾病,可能是肾小球发生病变,通透性增加,原来不能滤过的红细胞可以滤过到原尿中并进入尿液.如果尿液中出现葡萄糖,则可能是肾小管病变.肾小管病变导致肾小管的重吸收作用发生障碍,不能把原尿中的葡萄糖全部重吸收回血液,导致尿液中出现葡萄糖。故答案为:(1)肾小球;肾小囊;肾小管;肾单位.(2)原尿;血细胞;大分子蛋白质;(3)尿液;葡萄糖;(4)肾小球;肾小管.

填空题
阅读理解

D

Many Chinese have been greatly shocked by the traffic accident caused by the drunk driver Sun Weiming, who has killed five and injured some others in Chengdu, Sichuan. However, such a case is not rare.

Today, the traffic accidents may have been regarded as a social problem. The car has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows actually from rude behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral (道德的) rights of others. In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless but just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even far beyond carelessness that can be imagined.

Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can change drivers’ reactions incorrectly, slow their judgment, and make them blind to the dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep his/her emotions under control.

Yet the .irresponsibility; that accounts for much of the problem isn't only put upon drivers. Street walkers regularly ignore or break traffic regulations. They are blamed in most vehicle walker accidents, and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.

Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to make people believe that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.

67. Traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because

A. auto driving has become dangerous and harmful in today's society

B. people usually pay no attention to law and morality when driving

C. they have caused serious psychological problems among drivers

D. the car has killed and disabled more people than any weapon in history

68. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?

A. Careless bicycle--riders.             B. Careless people walking in the street.

C. Irresponsible auto drivers.            D. Irresponsible auto manufacturers.

69. Discussing solutions to traffic accidents, the author seems to be

A. doubtful and hopeless               B. angry and disappointed

C. objective and concerned             D. anxious and annoyed

70. The author writes this passage to

A. show his worries about drunk driving

B. help protect street walkers from car accidents

C. discuss traffic problems and possible solutions

D. warn auto drivers to refuse drunk driving