问题 问答题

为什么学校教育在人的身心发展中起主导作用如何起作用

答案

参考答案:教育,特别是学校教育,对年轻一代起着主导作用。
(1)学校教育是一种有目的培养人的活动,它规定着人的发展方向。教育能够排除和控制一些不良因素的影响,给人以更多的正面教育,使人按一定的思想政治方向发展,更有利于思想道德的培养,使年轻一代健康发展。
(2)教育给人的影响比较全面、系统和深刻。学校教育能够根据一定社会要求,按一定目的,选择适当的内容,利用集中时间,有计划、系统地向学生进行各种科学文化知识的教育。
(3)学校有专门负责教育工作的教师。学校教育通过专门培训过的教师进行工作,他们熟悉教育内容,懂得教育这个转化活动的规律和方法,对学生的思想、身体、学业等全面关心。最后,青少年的身心发展特点决定了学校教育所发挥的作用是主导作用。
在人的一生当中青少年是最需要受教育也是最适合受教育的时期。青少年时期正是长身体、长知识和世界观、价值观逐步形成的重要时期。他们的知识欠缺,经验不足,独立思考问题和判断是非的能力差,具有较强的可塑性,并且需要教育的正确引导。
依据学校教育在人的身心发展中的作用,我们应采取相应的教育策略:
(1)充分重视学校在人的发展中的作用;
(2)不断根据社会发展的要求改革学校;
(3)学校生活真正具有教育性;
(4)发挥教师和学生在学校生活中的主体地位。
要注意学校教育主导作用有效发挥的条件,学校教育主导作用要充分发挥有四个条件:
(1)受教育者的主观能动性。在人与环境的相互作用中,人的主观能动性发挥着筛选、过滤和改造的作用。人的主观能动性是教育得以转化的内在条件。
(2)教育的自身状况,包括教育的物质条件、教师的素质、管理水平及相关的精神条件。
(3)家庭环境的因素。家庭和学校在儿童教育过程中是天然的合作者,家庭环境及其教育与学校教育的配合程度直接消长着学校的教育作用。
(4)社会发展状况。社会的生产力水平、社会政治经济制度、整体的社会环境、民族心态、文化传统都可能对教育功能的实现产生影响。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer

interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.

     Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne,

Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.

     In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He

could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.

     "Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to

give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals

from reaching the muscles," Tavella says. "Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external

world and also to control devices."

     The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头

皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized

wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react

to commands from the brain.

     Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain

signals and turns them into simple commands. "The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled

people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this

wheelchair." 

     He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology

they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.

1. BCI is a technology that can _____.

A. help to update computer systems

B. link the human brain with computers

C. help the disabled to recover

D. control a person's thoughts

2. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

A. By controlling his muscles.

B. By talking to the machine.

C. By moving his hand.

D. By using his mind.

3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair

B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair

C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair

D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

4. The team will test with real patients to _____.

A. make profits from them

B. prove the technology useful to them

C. make them live longer

D. learn about their physical condition

5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center

B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works

C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled

D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

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