问题 单项选择题

Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’’s twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have "Mrs. Wheatley’’s Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’’t interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.

The word "they" in the last sentence Paragraph 2 refers to________.

A.publishers

B.poems

C.children

D.black people

答案

参考答案:A

解析:细节题型。此句意为:Mary试图使出版商对Phyllis的诗感兴趣,但一旦他们听说Phyllis是个黑人时,就兴趣索然。因此此处的they指的应是选项A。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,回答下列小题。

哀枫树

梁实秋

①我每至西雅图,下榻士耀文蔷家。我六楼上寝室有两个窗子,从南窗远眺,晴朗时可以看到高一万四千余呎的瑞尼尔山峰清清楚楚地浮现在天空中,山巅终年积雪,那样子很像日本的富士山,而其悬在半空的样子又有一点像是由我们的岳阳楼之遥望君山。西窗外,则有两棵大树骈,一棵是杉,一棵是枫,根干相距约有十呎,枝叶则纠结交叉,相依相偎如为一体。两棵树都高约五丈,虽非参天古木,亦甚庄严壮观。尤其是那株枫树,正矗立在我窗前,夕阳西下,几缕阳光从树叶隙处横射过来,把斑斓的叶影筛到窗幕上面。窗外的树,窗内的人,朝夕相对,默然无语。

②枫树的种类很多,据说一百五十种以上。我们这棵枫树是最普通的一种,自阿拉斯加至南加州一带无处无之,是属于大叶枫的一类。叶厚而大,风过飒飒作响,所以此树从木从风。能制枫糖的是属于另外一种。“霜叶红于二月花”的则又是一种。我们中国诗人所常吟咏的是丹枫,又名霜枫,亦谓江枫。张继的《枫桥夜泊》“月落鸟啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠”,以及刘季游的《登天柱冈诗》“我行谁与报江枫,旋摆旌旗一路红”,都是有名的诗句。其实,红叶不限于枫,凡是树根吸取土中糖分过多,骤遏霜寒即起化学作用而呈红色,既非红颜娇艳取悦于人,亦非以憔悴之容惹人怜惜。

③落叶乔木,到了季节,叶子总要变色脱落的。西雅图植物园里枫树很多,入秋红叶缤纷,有人认为景色甚美,我驱车往统,只是有一股萧瑟肃杀之气使人不快。我们这棵枫埘,叶子不变红,变黄,一夜北风寒,黄叶纷纷落。我曾有好几个秋季给它扫除落叶。接连十天八天,叶子扫不尽。一早起来,就发现很厚的一层黄叶遮盖了一大块草地。我用大竹篾做的耙子,用力地耙拢成堆。从土壤里来的东西还让它回到土里去。扫叶工作相当累人,使人遍体生温,和龚半千扫叶楼的情景不大相同。扫叶楼是南京名胜之一,是我于一九二六年最喜欢盘桓的一个地方。那里庭院不大,树也不大,想半千居士所扫的落叶也不过是一种情趣的象征而已。我扫枫叶乃纯粹的劳动,整理庭除,兼为运动。

④枫树不仅落叶烦人,春天开的小花,谢后散落如雨,而且所结的果实有翅,乘风滴溜溜的到处飞扬,落到草地上、石缝里、到路边,随地萌芽生长,若不勤加拔除,不久就会成为一座枫林。易经说:“天地变化,草木蕃。”枫树之雄厚的蕃息力量,正是自然之道。不过由萌芽而滋长,逃过多少灾难,然后才能成为一棵几丈高的大树。枫树在我们需要阴凉的时候,它给我们遮阳,到了冬天我们需要温暖的时候它又迅速地脱卸那一身的浓密太叶,只剩下干枝光轩在丰空寒风中张牙舞爪。它好知趣,它好可人!

⑤但树也有旦夕祸福。我这次到西雅图回来,隔窗一望那棵枫树不见了!再探头望下来,一块块的大木橛子、大木墩子,横七竖八地陈列在木栅边。一棵树活生生地被锯成了几十段!那棵杉,孤零零地立着,它失掉了贴身的伴侣,它比我更难过。

⑥原来是今年春天,树该发芽的时候,这棵枫树突然没有发出芽来,有气无力地在顶端冒出几片小叶。请了三位树医,各有不同的诊断。一位说是当年造房子打地基伤了树根,一位说是草地施肥杀莠使它中了毒,一位说是感染了无名的疾病。有一点三位完全同意:树已害了不治之症。善后是必须立即办理,否则桔树恐难久立,在风雪怒号之中它会訇然仆地。邻居测量形式,所受威胁最大。于是三家比价,以二百五十元成交,立即伐木丁丁了。言明在先,只管锯成短橛,不管运走。木橛的最大圆周是八呎有余,直径约二呎半。唯一用途是当柴烧,分期予以火化。可是斧劈成柴,那工程不小,怕只好出资请人把它一块块地运走了。

⑦现在我的窗前没有东西遮望眼,一片空虚。十年树木,只能略具规模,像这棵枫树之枝叶扶疏,如张巨盖,至少是百年以上物。然而三千大千世界,一切皆是无常,一棵树又岂是例外?“树犹如此,人何以堪?”

(选自《粱实秋散文集》)

小题1:请概括本文的行文思路。(5分)

小题2:请从语言表达的角度对第①段画线文字进行赏析。(6分)

小题3:本文第②段援引了古代描写枫树的诗句,请分析其作用。(6分)

小题4:“树犹如此,人何以堪?”一棵枫树的死去,为什么引发了作者如此深沉的感慨?请结合全文进行分析。(8分)

选择题