问题 多项选择题

下列哪些原则属于法约尔所提倡的管理14项原则( )

A.例外原则

B.管理分工原则

C.命令统一原则

D.首创精神原则

答案

参考答案:B,C,D

解析:法约尔管理的14项原则是:管理分工原则;权力与责任联系原则;确立和遵守纪律原则;命令的统一性原则;指挥和领导的统一性原则;个人利益服从整体利益原则;公平支付报酬原则;权力适度集中原则;管理划分等级系列原则;秩序原则;公平管理原则;保持组织成员稳定原则;首创精神原则;团队精神原则。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In Europe, people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal, a

system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag (曲折的) method.

Americans hold both the fork and the knife in their right hands throughout the meal, so they continually

change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat. It seems to be funny for the

Europeans to see Americans busy changing their dinner sets, making a lot of noises.

      A  few explanations for this American style are as follows:?

     (1) Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to

keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.?

     (2) Americans, the master of the New World are rebels (叛逆者).They use the zigzag method to

break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England.

Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long when dining.

     (3) Forced to do so, they respond by "playing" with the silver.?

     Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans

recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence (无知) of form.

Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of

tradition. In Old World dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as

an instant defense against the uninvited intruders (入侵者). However, such alertness (警觉) is out

of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans

juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork

is worth any number of them holding blades(刀).?

1. Americans use _______ to hold their fork to pick up the salad.?

A. the right hand

B. the left hand?

C. both hands  

D. either of the two hands?

2. As the masters of the New World, Americans use a different cutting method from that in the 

    Old World to_____.?

A. show their independence of Mother England?

B. show their disrespect to Mother England?

C. add a new tradition to those in Mother England?

D. show off their creativeness to Mother England?

3. In the last sentence, the word "juggle" probably means ____________.?

A. hold      

B. play with        

C. pick up            

D. lay down?

4. Also in the last sentence, the two "them" refer to ____________.?

A. Americans              

B. Europeans and Americans separately?

C. Americans and Europeans separately            

D. Europeans                    

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ?

A. European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.

B. The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics.?

C. The zigzag eating method has become an American feature.?

D. European people will use the American method because of its efficiency.

单项选择题